Space Pioneers and Innovators Quiz

Soviet cosmonaut and engineer, first woman and civilian in space.

Valentina Tereshkova's historic space mission, making her the first woman in space.

Spacecraft Valentina Tereshkova flew on her solo mission.

Essential skill for Valentina Tereshkova's space mission, crucial upon return to Earth.

Soviet Union's effort to develop spaceflight technology, including cosmonaut training and exploration.

Valentina Tereshkova's accomplishment, being a civilian entering the space program and mission.

Valentina Tereshkova's participation in the Soviet space program in 1961, which set the stage for her historical flight.

Extensive preparation of cosmonauts for space travel, including extreme isolation and zero-gravity readiness.

Prestigious award given by the Soviet Union for significant contributions to the nation, like Tereshkova received.

First female ophthalmologist at UCLA's Jules Stein Eye Institute in 1975.

Patricia Bath's 1986 invention for precise cataract removal.

Patricia Bath's leadership role in establishing and directing an ophthalmology residency (1983).

Earned her medical degree at New York University in 1968.

An organization co-founded by Patricia Bath to promote accessible eyesight.

Programs started by Patricia Bath to address primary care issues in underserved areas.

An ophthalmologist, inventor, and laser scientist focused on preventing blindness.

Renowned theoretical physicist who used math to understand black holes and popularized science.

A region of spacetime with extreme gravity, not even light can escape.

A point in spacetime with infinite density and smallness resulting from stellar collapse.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, a disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord.

Hawking's doctoral work focused on the properties of expanding universes.

A point with extremely strong gravity, preventing anything from escaping.

Systems of stars and black holes detected due to X-ray emissions from close regions.

Stephen Hawking's popular science book, making complex theories understandable to everyone.

Quantum mechanics was used to predict that black holes eventually evaporate emitting heat.

A British mathematician and theoretical physicist known for his work on black holes and the Big Bang.

The point where the density of a black hole becomes infinite, described by a mathematical concept.

Radiation emitted from black holes due to quantum effects, leading to black hole evaporation.

The boundary around a black hole beyond which nothing, not even light, can escape.

The loss of mass and energy from a black hole through the emission of Hawking radiation.

A branch of physics describing the behavior of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level.

A mathematical framework for solving problems in quantum theory, particularly related to gravity.

Visual representations used to describe the effect of gravity on objects approaching a black hole.

Hawking significantly advanced understanding of quantum mechanics and the universe, particularly concerning black holes.

A distinguished academic position at Cambridge University, held by Hawking for 30 years.

Hawking overcame significant physical challenges to pursue his scientific research.

Hawking's famous popular science book, which made complex physics accessible to a wider audience.

A significant award recognizing Hawking's groundbreaking contributions to physics, valued at $3 million.

Regions of spacetime with extreme gravity, according to Hawking's research, and are a subject of ongoing study.

Jocelyn Bell Burnell discovered pulsars, a new type of cosmic object emitting radio waves in repeating pulses.

Rapidly rotating, strongly magnetized neutron stars producing regular pulses of radio waves.

Instruments used to detect radio waves coming from outer space.

A prestigious award in science given to those who make significant contributions to their field.

A playful temporary name for the pulsar-discovery project, before the nature of the signal was understood.

A star remnant composed mainly of neutrons, extremely dense and compact.

A high-energy cosmic radiation source.

Biochemistry

T-cells and antigen recognition

Unique genetic sequences on T-cells, crucial for recognizing invaders like bacteria or viruses.

1984, Publication in Nature described T-cell receptors' genetic makeup.

A rare cancer in the lymphatic system.

1999, Identifying a chemical to stop cancer growth.

A famous quote, saying "We can never give up fighting cancer."

Tak Wah Mak's research explored the genetic sequence and origin of these receptors, leading to groundbreaking details about fighting invaders.