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Questions and Answers
What is primarily assessed during the Prelinguistic Development stage?
What is primarily assessed during the Prelinguistic Development stage?
- Vocalizations before first words (correct)
- Production of minimal pairs
- Categorical perception of speech sounds
- Stable phonetic forms
Which sounds are most frequently included in utterances during babbling?
Which sounds are most frequently included in utterances during babbling?
- /n, p, j, w, s/
- /b, c, f, q, r/
- /s, k, j, p, t/
- /m, t, g, h, d/ (correct)
At what age range does Phonemic Contrast typically develop?
At what age range does Phonemic Contrast typically develop?
- 5-10 months
- 6-8 months
- 1-3 months
- 10-22 months (correct)
Which of the following best describes Categorical Perception in infants?
Which of the following best describes Categorical Perception in infants?
Which statement is true about the emergence of first words in infants?
Which statement is true about the emergence of first words in infants?
Which development theory suggests a gradual increase in complexity of speech skills?
Which development theory suggests a gradual increase in complexity of speech skills?
What is indicated by the term 'Phonetic period' in the context of phonological development?
What is indicated by the term 'Phonetic period' in the context of phonological development?
At what age can infants typically distinguish between sounds in languages other than their native language?
At what age can infants typically distinguish between sounds in languages other than their native language?
At what age is complete mastery of speech typically observed?
At what age is complete mastery of speech typically observed?
Which of the following describes phonological awareness?
Which of the following describes phonological awareness?
What is the primary characteristic of speech development during the preschool years?
What is the primary characteristic of speech development during the preschool years?
Which sounds are typically predominant in a child's initial phonetic inventory?
Which sounds are typically predominant in a child's initial phonetic inventory?
What is an important aspect of phonological awareness in preschool years?
What is an important aspect of phonological awareness in preschool years?
By what age is the phonological system almost complete?
By what age is the phonological system almost complete?
What kind of sound production is typically absent in children's early speech?
What kind of sound production is typically absent in children's early speech?
What phonetic characteristics are common in 3-year-olds during speech development?
What phonetic characteristics are common in 3-year-olds during speech development?
What does blending and segmentation in phonological processes involve?
What does blending and segmentation in phonological processes involve?
What is indicated by children being largely intelligible by unfamiliar raters?
What is indicated by children being largely intelligible by unfamiliar raters?
What marks the transition from the prelinguistic to the linguistic stage of acquisition?
What marks the transition from the prelinguistic to the linguistic stage of acquisition?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with the first word a child produces?
Which characteristic is NOT associated with the first word a child produces?
What type of sounds are predominantly found in the first words produced by children?
What type of sounds are predominantly found in the first words produced by children?
During which phase does a child begin to produce small sentences with beginnings of grammar?
During which phase does a child begin to produce small sentences with beginnings of grammar?
What do fetuses primarily respond to before birth?
What do fetuses primarily respond to before birth?
Which behavior is characterized during the vocal play stage (4-6 months)?
Which behavior is characterized during the vocal play stage (4-6 months)?
At what age does the jargon stage typically occur?
At what age does the jargon stage typically occur?
During the reflexive stage (birth to 2 months), which of the following sounds is primarily produced?
During the reflexive stage (birth to 2 months), which of the following sounds is primarily produced?
Which phonological feature develops prior to distinctions in front-back vowel placement?
Which phonological feature develops prior to distinctions in front-back vowel placement?
What is a common feature of the babbling stage (6-11 months)?
What is a common feature of the babbling stage (6-11 months)?
Flashcards
Structural Speech Development
Structural Speech Development
Changes in the form, function, and shape of speech production structures from infancy to adulthood.
Perceptual Speech Development
Perceptual Speech Development
How humans perceive speech sounds, including recognizing differences, other languages discrimination, and consistency in sounds across speakers.
Phonological Development
Phonological Development
The development of using sounds of language in meaningful ways; both before and when speaking first words.
Prelinguistic Development
Prelinguistic Development
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Typical Speech Sound Order
Typical Speech Sound Order
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First Words (12 months)
First Words (12 months)
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Phonetically Consistent Forms
Phonetically Consistent Forms
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Phonological Development Stages
Phonological Development Stages
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Phase 1: Perception
Phase 1: Perception
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Phase 1: Production
Phase 1: Production
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Reflexive Sounds
Reflexive Sounds
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Vegetative Sounds
Vegetative Sounds
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Phase 2: Transition to words
Phase 2: Transition to words
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Phase 3 & Growth in word inventory
Phase 3 & Growth in word inventory
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Phase 4: Mastery of speech & literacy
Phase 4: Mastery of speech & literacy
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First words: Characteristics
First words: Characteristics
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Typical first words
Typical first words
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Infant speech development (early consonants/vowels)
Infant speech development (early consonants/vowels)
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What is phonological awareness?
What is phonological awareness?
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What are examples of phonological awareness skills?
What are examples of phonological awareness skills?
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What are the characteristics of early word learning?
What are the characteristics of early word learning?
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What are some limitations in early speech production?
What are some limitations in early speech production?
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What are the major changes in a preschooler's phonological development?
What are the major changes in a preschooler's phonological development?
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What sounds are often mispronounced by 3-year-olds?
What sounds are often mispronounced by 3-year-olds?
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What factors influence a 3-year-old's intelligibility?
What factors influence a 3-year-old's intelligibility?
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When is a child considered to have mastered speech sounds?
When is a child considered to have mastered speech sounds?
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What is the significance of the school-aged child's speech development?
What is the significance of the school-aged child's speech development?
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How does a child's ability to manipulate sounds relate to literacy development?
How does a child's ability to manipulate sounds relate to literacy development?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Speech Disorders
- The course is SPA 4250, Introduction to Speech Disorders
- Instructor: Supraja Anand, PhD
Developments in Speech Production
- Structural, perceptual, and phonological development significantly change from infancy to adulthood.
- Structures like hard palate, velum, mandible, tongue, hyoid bone, epiglottis, and larynx are involved in speech production.
- Shape, size, and function of these structures change greatly from infancy to adulthood.
Perceptual Development
- Categorical perception (1-3 months): Recognizing differences between similar speech sounds.
- Non-native discrimination (up to 6-8 months): Ability to distinguish sounds from other languages.
- Perceptual consistency (5-10 months): Identifying the same sound from different speakers.
- Phonemic contrast (10-22 months): Differentiating syllables that differ by a single sound (minimal pairs).
Phonological Development
- Prelinguistic development precedes linguistic development.
- Vocalizations (before first words) are characterized by stages, explained by theories like discontinuity and continuity.
- Prelinguistic development encompasses reflexive sounds, cooing, laughter, play, babbling, and jargon.
- Consonant-like sounds, vowels, and vowel-like sounds are seen during the prelinguistic stage.
- 95% of babbling includes sounds like /h, d, b, m, t, g, w, n, k, j, p, s/.
- Syllable structures like V, CV, VCV, CVCV are common.
- Prosody is observed and is an important precursor.
- Stages of pre-linguistic development, including reflexing stage, cooing, vocal play, canonical babbling, and jargon.
Typical Developmental Order
- Nasals
- Plosives
- Glides
- Fricatives
- Affricates
Linguistic Development
- First words typically emerge around 12 months.
- A first word must have a consistent phonetic form and must resemble the adult form.
- Phonetically consistent forms must have stable phonetic form.
Four Stages of Phonological Development
- Phase 1: Foundations for speech (0-1.5 years): Focuses on the sensorimotor aspects of sound production (phonetic period), pre-linguistic.
- Phase 2: Transitions from sounds to words (~1-2 years): Children use sounds to convey meaning, (phonemic period).
- Phase 3: Growth in the inventory (2-5 years): Children learn all phonemes, combine words into sentences, and develop grammar & syntax.
- Phase 4: Mastery of speech and literacy (5+ years): Develops suprasegmentals, polysyllabic words, and literacy skills.
Phase 1: Perception
- Perception begins prenatally (fetuses).
- Fetuses respond best to lower frequencies, preparing them for speech perception.
- Infants prefer voices to other sounds.
- By the first year, infants are more attuned to their native language.
Phase 1: Production
- Reflexive: Automatic responses (e.g., vegetative sounds).
- Non-reflexive: Voluntary responses (e.g., vocal play).
- Stages of pre-linguistic production.
First 50 Words
- Typically lasts from the first word to two-word combinations.
- Phonetic variations during this period.
- Limitations in syllable structure (e.g., CVC).
- Certain sounds (e.g., affricates) may be missing in this period.
Preschool Years
- Typical development at 36 months - speech and language inventory expands.
- Sounds include palatals, fricatives, liquids, final sounds.
- Increase in cluster use.
The School-Aged Child
- By age 5, most can converse freely.
- Pronunciation patterns might still differ from the adult form.
- Aspects of prosodic development are developing.
- Phonological system is mainly complete at this age but might need refinement.
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Description
Explore the fascinating developments in speech production as part of the course SPA 4250, Introduction to Speech Disorders. This quiz covers changes in structural, perceptual, and phonological aspects from infancy to adulthood, along with critical concepts like categorical perception and phonemic contrast. Test your understanding of how speech abilities evolve through different stages of life.
