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Questions and Answers
What is a primary disadvantage of the broadcasting method of sowing seeds?
What is a primary disadvantage of the broadcasting method of sowing seeds?
Which seed rate is recommended for the drilling method in irrigated lands?
Which seed rate is recommended for the drilling method in irrigated lands?
In which condition is dibbling considered economically viable?
In which condition is dibbling considered economically viable?
What is the recommended sowing depth for dibbling?
What is the recommended sowing depth for dibbling?
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What is the practice of transplanting jowar seedlings primarily associated with?
What is the practice of transplanting jowar seedlings primarily associated with?
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Which method allows for greater spacing of 45x15 cm when sowing?
Which method allows for greater spacing of 45x15 cm when sowing?
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What is the seed rate for the broadcasting method in dry lands?
What is the seed rate for the broadcasting method in dry lands?
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What happens to the seedlings of jowar during the transplanting process?
What happens to the seedlings of jowar during the transplanting process?
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What is the primary effect of striga on jowar plants?
What is the primary effect of striga on jowar plants?
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Which method is NOT effective in controlling striga?
Which method is NOT effective in controlling striga?
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What is the ideal moisture percentage for harvesting jowar grain?
What is the ideal moisture percentage for harvesting jowar grain?
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Which technique aids in reducing moisture content in harvested sorghum?
Which technique aids in reducing moisture content in harvested sorghum?
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What could be a consequence of harvesting jowar plants after the flowering stage?
What could be a consequence of harvesting jowar plants after the flowering stage?
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What is indicated by the term 'exhaustive crop' in relation to sorghum?
What is indicated by the term 'exhaustive crop' in relation to sorghum?
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What is the recommended timing for the first cutting of multi-cut jowar varieties?
What is the recommended timing for the first cutting of multi-cut jowar varieties?
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Which crop should NOT succeed sorghum due to nutrient depletion concerns?
Which crop should NOT succeed sorghum due to nutrient depletion concerns?
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What is the primary advantage of the transplanting method of sowing in hybrid sorghum?
What is the primary advantage of the transplanting method of sowing in hybrid sorghum?
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Under which conditions can ratooning of sorghum be successful?
Under which conditions can ratooning of sorghum be successful?
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What effect does transplanting male lines have on their flowering time?
What effect does transplanting male lines have on their flowering time?
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Which hybrid of sorghum is considered the best for ratooning?
Which hybrid of sorghum is considered the best for ratooning?
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What is one of the initial steps required for successful ratooning?
What is one of the initial steps required for successful ratooning?
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How many good healthy sprouts should be left in each stubble during ratooning management?
How many good healthy sprouts should be left in each stubble during ratooning management?
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How does ratooning economically benefit farmers compared to traditional planting?
How does ratooning economically benefit farmers compared to traditional planting?
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What is the typical time frame for a ratoon crop to come to harvest?
What is the typical time frame for a ratoon crop to come to harvest?
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What is the consequence of severe moisture stress after flowering in kharif jowar?
What is the consequence of severe moisture stress after flowering in kharif jowar?
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Which of the following weeds is categorized as a sedge associated with sorghum?
Which of the following weeds is categorized as a sedge associated with sorghum?
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What is the recommended action if mechanical weed management is employed in rainfed jowar?
What is the recommended action if mechanical weed management is employed in rainfed jowar?
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When should interculturing commence in sorghum cultivation?
When should interculturing commence in sorghum cultivation?
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What is a key characteristic of Striga lutea?
What is a key characteristic of Striga lutea?
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What is the purpose of applying Atrazine or Propazine in sorghum cultivation?
What is the purpose of applying Atrazine or Propazine in sorghum cultivation?
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How does Striga affect the host sorghum plant?
How does Striga affect the host sorghum plant?
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What is the correct application method for 2,4-D in weed management?
What is the correct application method for 2,4-D in weed management?
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What is one method to counteract the toxic effects left by the sorghum crop on succeeding crops?
What is one method to counteract the toxic effects left by the sorghum crop on succeeding crops?
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Which of the following is a primary yield attribute measured in sorghum cultivation?
Which of the following is a primary yield attribute measured in sorghum cultivation?
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What is the range of protein content found in sorghum grain?
What is the range of protein content found in sorghum grain?
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In North India, which crop sequence follows sorghum?
In North India, which crop sequence follows sorghum?
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Which amino acid is sorghum protein particularly deficient in?
Which amino acid is sorghum protein particularly deficient in?
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What is the approximate yield of irrigated sorghum per hectare?
What is the approximate yield of irrigated sorghum per hectare?
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Which combination is an example of mixed cropping in South India?
Which combination is an example of mixed cropping in South India?
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What is the main mineral deficiency found in sorghum compared to other cereals?
What is the main mineral deficiency found in sorghum compared to other cereals?
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Study Notes
Sowing Methods for Sorghum
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Broadcasting
- Rarely used due to high seed rate (12-18 kg/ha) and uneven distribution.
- Commonly employed in irrigated lands with proper bed and channel setup.
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Drilling
- Utilizes seed drills and covers seeds with guntaka or brush harrowing.
- Seed rate ranges from 8-12 kg/ha; higher rates recommended for light soils, lower for black soils.
- Standard spacing at 45x15-20 cm, depth of 3-4 cm.
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Dibbling
- Labor-intensive but economical, requiring only 6 kg/ha of seed.
- Ensures equal growth opportunity for plants.
- Seeds dropped directly or using bamboo tubes, typically in dry lands.
- Recommended for kharif and rabi jowar, with thinning at 15-20 DAS.
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Transplanting
- Common in areas with sufficient rainfall, particularly for KONDA JONNA.
- Involves planting seedlings in plough furrows when soil is wet.
- Essential for hybrid sorghum production in South India, enhancing synchronization of male and female lines.
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Ratooning
- Additional crops grown from stubble of harvested crops (e.g., sugarcane, sorghum).
- Successful in hybrid sorghum, yielding up to 11 quintals more than main crops with proper management.
- Key management practices include timely irrigation, fertilizer application, and adequate moisture retention.
Weed Management in Sorghum
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Mechanical Methods
- Intercultivation using small implements like danthi to control weeds, aerate soil, and earthing up plants.
- Timing: starts 15-20 DAS, repeated every 10 days for effective weed control.
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Chemical Control
- Pre-emergence: Atrazine or Propazine (0.25-0.50 kg a.i./ha).
- Post-emergence: MSMA for nut grass control and 2,4-D for broadleaf weeds.
- Striga control includes deep ploughing, nitrogen fertilization, and resistant varieties.
Harvesting and Threshing
- Harvest when grains are hard and contain <25% moisture.
- Harvesting techniques vary based on crop height and mixed cropping systems.
- High HCN content in younger plants necessitates careful timing to prevent toxicity.
- Threshing involves manual methods or machinery, followed by winnowing and drying.
Nutritional Composition and Yield Factors
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Sorghum Grain Composition
- Protein: 7.4-14.2%, Lipids: 2.4-6.5%, Carbohydrates: 70-90%.
- Protein deficient in lysine and rich in leucine, critical for growth.
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Yield Attributes
- Factors affecting yield include:
- Number of panicles per area
- Panicle length
- Count of filled grains per panicle
- Test weight (1000 grain weight)
- Expected yield: Rainfed (20-25 q/ha), Irrigated (50-60 q/ha).
- Factors affecting yield include:
Cropping Systems
-
North India Systems
- Sequences: Sorghum-Wheat, Sorghum-Cowpea, and others.
- Mixed cropping with Soya bean and Pigeonpea.
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South India Systems
- Sequences: Sorghum-Cotton, Sorghum-Tobacco, and more.
- Kharif mixed cropping with Pigeonpea, Greengram, and others.
Important Weeds and Their Management
- Common weeds include Cenchrus spp., Amaranthus viridis, and Striga species, which can significantly impact sorghum yield.
- Control methods include systematic removal, chemical treatments, and planting resistant crops.
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Description
This quiz explores various sowing methods for sorghum, including broadcasting, drilling, dibbling, and transplanting. Each method is described in terms of seed rates, soil conditions, and their suitability for different seasons. Test your knowledge on these techniques crucial for successful sorghum cultivation.
