Questions and Answers
What is the common name for Sorghum bicolor?
What is the chromosome number of Sorghum?
Why is Sorghum referred to as a 'Camel crop'?
Which variety is known for drought and salinity tolerance in Sorghum?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the optimal temperature range for Sorghum growth?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary type of soil that is suitable for Sorghum cultivation?
Signup and view all the answers
When should Sorghum be used for fodder to avoid toxicity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary harmful effect of Sorghum on succeeding crops due to nitrogen availability?
Signup and view all the answers
Which sorghum variety is noted as the first hybrid developed?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the optimum seed rate for sorghum?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following diseases is caused by the pathogen Colletotrichum graminicolum?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct planting depth for sorghum?
Signup and view all the answers
Which insect is identified as Contarinia sorghicola?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the ideal moisture level at the time of harvesting sorghum?
Signup and view all the answers
What quantity of FYM is recommended for sorghum cultivation?
Signup and view all the answers
In which period is the best time to sow sorghum?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the approximate plant population per hectare for sorghum?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Seed Rate, Spacing & Sowing Time
- Ideal seed rate ranges from 12-15 kg/ha.
- Recommended planting depth is between 3-4 cm.
- Row spacing should be approximately 45 cm with plants spaced 12 cm apart.
- Target plant population is around 180,000 plants per hectare.
- Optimal sowing time is from the last week of June to the first week of July.
Manure & Fertilizer
- Application of 10-15 tonnes of farmyard manure (FYM) per hectare is beneficial.
- Nitrogen (N) requirement is 100 kg/ha.
- Phosphorus (P) requirement is 50 kg/ha.
- Potassium (K) should be applied at 40 kg/ha.
Major Diseases
- Downy Mildew caused by Peronosclerospora sorghi affects crop health.
- Anthracnose and red rot are associated with Colletotrichum graminicolum.
- Rust disease is caused by Puccinia purpurea.
- Ergot or Sugary disease is linked to Sphacelia sorghi.
- Grain smut/capped smut is attributed to Sphacelotheca sorghi.
Major Insects
- The Shoot fly, scientifically known as Atherigona varia soccata, poses a threat.
- Sorghum midge, identified as Contarinia sorghicola, is another insect of concern.
- The Shoot bug is referred to as Peregrinus maidis.
Moisture at Harvesting
- Harvest when grains are hard with moisture content below 25%.
Yield
- Under rainfed conditions, yields range from 25-30 quintals per hectare.
- Fodder production can yield between 300-400 quintals per hectare.
- Hybrid sorghum yields approximately 40-50 quintals per hectare.
Important Facts
- Commonly known as Jowar, with a botanical name of Sorghum bicolor.
- Originates from East Central Africa; belongs to the Gramineae family.
- Known as the "Camel crop" for its drought tolerance.
- Sorghum stalks are toxic to animals if consumed after the knee stage due to Hydrocyanic acid (HCN).
- Variety M 35-1 is noted for high yields in Rabi Jowar.
- CSH-1 is recognized for its drought and salinity tolerance.
- Grain content is low in Lysine but high in Leucine.
- First hybrid variety developed in 1964 was CSH-1.
- Combine kafir -60 is the most significant male sterile variety.
- As a C4 plant, sorghum is energy-efficient in photosynthesis.
- Exhibits often cross-pollination and germinates hypogeally.
Climate and Soil Requirements
- Thrives in warm climates but adaptable to various conditions.
- Tolerates high temperatures during its lifecycle.
- Total water requirement is approximately 350 mm.
- Prefers clay loam or loam soils with a pH range of 6.0-8.5; capable of tolerating salinity and alkalinity.
- Black cotton soil of central India is highly suitable for sorghum cultivation.
Sorghum Sickness
- Refers to the adverse impact on subsequent crops due to nitrogen deficiency.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers essential practices for sorghum cultivation, including optimal seed rate, spacing, and sowing time. It also discusses manure and fertilizer requirements along with major diseases affecting sorghum plants. Test your knowledge on effective sorghum farming techniques!
