Questions and Answers
What is the optimal seed rate for sorghum?
Sorghum can be harvested when the grains have over 25% moisture.
False
What is the correct planting depth for sorghum seeds?
3-4 cm
For fertilizer use, nitrogen should be applied at a rate of ______ kg/ha.
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Match the following diseases with their pathogens:
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What is the approximate plant population for sorghum?
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The yield of hybrid sorghum can reach up to 50 quintals per hectare.
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What is the primary insect pest affecting sorghum?
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For rainfed conditions, the yield of sorghum is estimated at ______ q/ha.
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What is the common name for Sorghum bicolor?
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Sorghum has a high tolerance for drought conditions.
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What is the chromosome number of Sorghum?
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The most important male sterile variety of sorghum is _____
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Which variety of Sorghum is drought and salinity tolerant?
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Sorghum is poor in leucine but rich in lysine content.
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Match the following varieties of Sorghum with their characteristics:
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What is the optimum temperature for growing Sorghum?
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Sorghum requires a minimum temperature of _____ for optimal growth.
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Study Notes
Seed Rate, Spacing & Sowing Time
- Optimum seed rate for sorghum ranges from 12-15 kg/ha.
- Ideal plant spacing is 45 x 12 cm.
- Seeds should be sown at a depth of 3-4 cm.
- Target plant population approximately reaches 1,80,000 plants per hectare.
- The best time for sowing is between late June and the first week of July.
Manure & Fertilizer
- Apply 10-15 tonnes/ha of Farmyard Manure (FYM).
- Recommended nitrogen (N) application is 100 kg/ha.
- Phosphorus (P) should be applied at 50 kg/ha.
- Potassium (K) application is suggested at 40 kg/ha.
Major Diseases
- Downy Mildew: Caused by Peronosclerospora sorghi.
- Anthracnose and Red Rot: Caused by Colletotrichum graminicolum.
- Rust: Caused by Puccinia purpurea.
- Ergot or Sugary Disease: Caused by Sphacelia sorghi.
- Grain Smut/Covered Smut: Caused by Sphacelotheca sorghi.
Major Insects
- Shoot Fly: Identified as Atherigona varia soccata.
- Sorghum Midge: Identified as Contarinia sorghicola.
- Shoot Bug: Identified as Peregrinus maidis.
Moisture at Harvesting
- Harvest sorghum when grains are hard and moisture content is below 25%.
Yield
- Rainfed sorghum yields approximately 25-30 quintals/ha.
- Fodder sorghum can yield between 300-400 quintals/ha.
- Hybrid sorghum (grain) yields around 40-50 quintals per hectare.
Basic Information
- Commonly known as Sorghum or Jowar, it is scientifically classified as Sorghum bicolor.
- Belongs to the Gramineae family.
Important Facts about Sorghum
- Originated from East Central Africa.
- Has a chromosome number of 2n = 20, n = 10.
- Known as a "Camel crop" for its drought tolerance.
- HCN in sorghum leaves can be toxic to animals; ingestion of 0.5 grams can be fatal.
- Best yielding variety for Rabi Jowar is M 35-1.
- CSH-1 is a variety tolerant to both drought and salinity.
- Sorghum has low lysine but high leucine content.
- First hybrid developed in 1964 was CSH-1.
- Important male sterile variety is Combine Kafir -60.
- Classified as a C4 plant with hypogeal germination.
- Often involves cross-pollination.
Climate Requirements
- Thrives in warm climates with a tolerance for high temperatures.
- Requires around 350 mm of water.
- Minimum temperature for growth: 8-10°C.
- Optimum growth temperature: 32-35°C.
- Can tolerate maximum temperatures up to 36-38°C.
Soil Requirements
- Prefers clay loam or loamy soil texture.
- Tolerates pH levels between 6.0 - 8.5, demonstrating high salinity and alkalinity tolerance.
- Black Cotton Soil in Central India is highly suitable for sorghum cultivation.
Sorghum Sickness
- Can negatively impact succeeding crops due to nitrogen deficiency related to sorghum cultivation.
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Description
This quiz covers essential aspects of sorghum cultivation, including seed rate, spacing, depth, and planting time. It also addresses the necessary manure and fertilizer requirements for optimal growth. Test your knowledge on best practices for maximizing sorghum yield.
