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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of sore throat in the majority of cases?
What is the primary cause of sore throat in the majority of cases?
Which condition is NOT a known risk factor for oral thrush?
Which condition is NOT a known risk factor for oral thrush?
Which treatment is considered first-line for oropharyngeal candidiasis in adults and children over 2 years?
Which treatment is considered first-line for oropharyngeal candidiasis in adults and children over 2 years?
What is a common symptom associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection?
What is a common symptom associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection?
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Which symptom indicates a potential need for referral in a patient with a sore throat?
Which symptom indicates a potential need for referral in a patient with a sore throat?
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Which of the following is considered a non-pharmacological treatment for sore throat?
Which of the following is considered a non-pharmacological treatment for sore throat?
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What type of communication approach should be used to ensure effective patient interaction?
What type of communication approach should be used to ensure effective patient interaction?
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Which symptom is NOT typically associated with bacterial sore throat infections?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with bacterial sore throat infections?
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Which type of pain lasts longer than 3-6 months and can be associated with arthritis or neuropathy?
Which type of pain lasts longer than 3-6 months and can be associated with arthritis or neuropathy?
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In the PQRST framework, which component assesses the rating of pain on a scale of 1-10?
In the PQRST framework, which component assesses the rating of pain on a scale of 1-10?
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Which symptom is least likely to indicate an allergic response?
Which symptom is least likely to indicate an allergic response?
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Which of the following is a red flag that indicates a need for referral in pain assessment?
Which of the following is a red flag that indicates a need for referral in pain assessment?
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What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for mild pain?
What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for mild pain?
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What is a primary characteristic of the late-phase reaction in allergic rhinitis?
What is a primary characteristic of the late-phase reaction in allergic rhinitis?
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What is the maximum daily dosage of paracetamol for an adult?
What is the maximum daily dosage of paracetamol for an adult?
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Which type of rhinitis is an IgE-mediated immune response to allergens?
Which type of rhinitis is an IgE-mediated immune response to allergens?
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Which of the following is most effective as a first-line therapy for allergic rhinitis?
Which of the following is most effective as a first-line therapy for allergic rhinitis?
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Which of the following statements is NOT an appropriate use of body language during communication?
Which of the following statements is NOT an appropriate use of body language during communication?
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Which diagnostic feature might suggest rhinosinusitis rather than allergic rhinitis?
Which diagnostic feature might suggest rhinosinusitis rather than allergic rhinitis?
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How does pregnancy-related rhinitis typically present during pregnancy?
How does pregnancy-related rhinitis typically present during pregnancy?
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Which question would least likely help in determining the type of allergic rhinitis?
Which question would least likely help in determining the type of allergic rhinitis?
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What is a common side effect of NSAIDs that patients should be warned about?
What is a common side effect of NSAIDs that patients should be warned about?
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What should be done if a patient presents with a fever greater than 38°C persisting for more than 3 days?
What should be done if a patient presents with a fever greater than 38°C persisting for more than 3 days?
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What is a potential red flag that would require referral in the context of allergic rhinitis?
What is a potential red flag that would require referral in the context of allergic rhinitis?
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Which non-pharmacological strategy is recommended for managing chronic pain?
Which non-pharmacological strategy is recommended for managing chronic pain?
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What is the recommended pediatric dose of ibuprofen for a child weighing 20 kg?
What is the recommended pediatric dose of ibuprofen for a child weighing 20 kg?
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What does nasal priming refer to in the context of allergic rhinitis?
What does nasal priming refer to in the context of allergic rhinitis?
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Which of the following is an example of an empathy statement when discussing sensitive topics?
Which of the following is an example of an empathy statement when discussing sensitive topics?
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Which of the following is a second-line therapy for allergic rhinitis?
Which of the following is a second-line therapy for allergic rhinitis?
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In the case of language differences, what is the most effective approach to ensure clear communication?
In the case of language differences, what is the most effective approach to ensure clear communication?
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What is the primary concern when dealing with a child who has a fever and exhibits lethargy?
What is the primary concern when dealing with a child who has a fever and exhibits lethargy?
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When counseling a patient about their medication, which of the following aspects should be included?
When counseling a patient about their medication, which of the following aspects should be included?
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What symptom is NOT typically associated with allergic conjunctivitis?
What symptom is NOT typically associated with allergic conjunctivitis?
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Which of the following is a key reason to refer a patient with suspected allergic conjunctivitis?
Which of the following is a key reason to refer a patient with suspected allergic conjunctivitis?
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Which treatment is appropriate for managing acute eye conditions presenting with severe symptoms?
Which treatment is appropriate for managing acute eye conditions presenting with severe symptoms?
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What is the expected duration for self-resolution of subconjunctival hemorrhage?
What is the expected duration for self-resolution of subconjunctival hemorrhage?
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What symptom is a red flag indicating the need for immediate referral in red eye cases?
What symptom is a red flag indicating the need for immediate referral in red eye cases?
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Which of the following treatments is NOT used for managing allergic conjunctivitis?
Which of the following treatments is NOT used for managing allergic conjunctivitis?
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When should a patient with an eye condition be referred for further evaluation?
When should a patient with an eye condition be referred for further evaluation?
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Which of the following is a common cause of subconjunctival hemorrhage?
Which of the following is a common cause of subconjunctival hemorrhage?
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Which of the following groups is not considered high-risk for earwax impaction?
Which of the following groups is not considered high-risk for earwax impaction?
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Which treatment option is not recommended for self-use in the case of earwax impaction?
Which treatment option is not recommended for self-use in the case of earwax impaction?
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Which symptom is not typically associated with earwax impaction?
Which symptom is not typically associated with earwax impaction?
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What is a common cause of acute otitis externa?
What is a common cause of acute otitis externa?
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Which of the following is considered a red flag for referring a patient for potential ear issues?
Which of the following is considered a red flag for referring a patient for potential ear issues?
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What is the recommended action after swimming to prevent acute otitis externa?
What is the recommended action after swimming to prevent acute otitis externa?
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Which method is not effective in treating earwax impaction?
Which method is not effective in treating earwax impaction?
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Which statement about acute otitis media is incorrect?
Which statement about acute otitis media is incorrect?
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Study Notes
Sore Throat
- Commonly caused by viral infections (70-80%) including common cold symptoms like low-grade fever, headache, hoarse voice, cough, nasal congestion, and inflammation.
- 20% are bacterial, such as Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep throat).
- Resolves in 3-7 days.
Less Common Causes
- Airway obstruction or deep neck infections (e.g., cancer).
- Epstein-Barr virus (glandular fever) causing sore throat, fever, swollen glands, splenomegaly, and rash.
- Oral herpes (in children under 5) with lesions and tonsil ulcers.
- Hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by coxsackieviruses.
- Sexually transmitted infections (e.g., gonorrhea, syphilis).
- Trauma, smoking, and acid reflux.
- Rare causes such as agranulocytosis (medication-induced).
Red Flags for Referral (Airway Compromise)
- Muffled voice, stertor (snoring sound), stridor (wheezing noise), trismus (difficulty opening the mouth), drooling, and neck swelling.
- Respiratory distress (cyanosis, shortness of breath).
- Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), severe neck pain, unilateral throat pain, or tonsillar exudate.
- Persistent symptoms longer than two weeks or systemic infection symptoms.
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Description
This quiz covers the various causes of sore throat, including common viral and bacterial infections. You will learn about less common causes, red flags for referral, and associated symptoms. Test your knowledge on the key aspects of sore throat management.
