Soot Particles
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a primary pollutant?

  • Acid rain
  • Particulate matter (correct)
  • Nitrogen dioxide
  • Ozone

    • What is the main difference between primary and secondary pollutants?

  • Primary pollutants are more harmful than secondary pollutants
  • Primary pollutants are natural sources of pollution, while secondary pollutants are manmade sources
  • Primary pollutants are emitted directly from a source, while secondary pollutants form when other pollutants react in the atmosphere (correct)
  • Primary pollutants have immediate effects on health, while secondary pollutants have long-term effects

    • Which of the following is NOT a natural source of air pollution?

  • Forest fires
  • Dust storms
  • Volcanoes
  • Vehicle emissions (correct)

    • What is the main cause of the Great London Smog in 1952?

    <p>Industrial emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a health effect of air pollution?

    <p>Skin allergies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about soot particles is true?

    <p>Soot particles contain a high amount of hydrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical size range of soot particles?

    <p>0.01 to 0.05 um</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do soot particles form in a flame?

    <p>By chain reactions that build up larger molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the C/H ratio of soot particles in the small particle stage?

    <p>About unity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a global scale pollutant?

    <p>Ozone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance was the dominant source of air pollution in Dublin before the ban on coal?

    <p>Smoke from domestic fires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the percentage decrease in SO2 levels in Dublin after the ban on coal?

    <p>34%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas is commonly used to express mixing ratios in parts per million by volume (ppmv)?

    <p>Water vapor (H2O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the main air pollutants identified by the UK and USEPA?

    <p>Ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation can be used to relate mixing ratios with concentrations?

    <p>$C = rac{pV}{nM}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sources is NOT an anthropogenic source of nitrogen oxides?

    <p>Lightning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of photochemical smog?

    <p>Carbon monoxide (CO)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential damage caused by high levels of sulphur dioxide?

    <p>Raised respiration rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a removal process for carbon monoxide?

    <p>Forest Fires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential health effect of exposure to particulate matter?

    <p>Reduced levels of nutrients in soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about PM2.5 particles?

    <p>They are primarily formed in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA)?

    <p>Isoprene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which size range of airborne particles is considered ultrafine?

    <p>Particles &lt; 0.1 µm in diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the high concentration of toxic substances in small particles from coal combustion?

    <p>Cleaning devices are less effective for small particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between soot particles and char particles?

    <p>Soot particles are spherical, while char particles are irregular in shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for initiating the removal of most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere?

    <p>Hydroxyl radical (OH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main formation mechanism of hydroxyl radical (OH)?

    <p>Ozone (O3) photolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is responsible for the formation of ozone (O3)?

    <p>Oxygen (O2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pollutant has the shortest lifetime (residence time) in the atmosphere?

    <p>Hydroxyl radical (OH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the fate of trace constituents in the atmosphere?

    <p>Hydroxyl radical (OH) concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

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