Soot Particles
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a primary pollutant?

  • Acid rain
  • Particulate matter (correct)
  • Nitrogen dioxide
  • Ozone

What is the main difference between primary and secondary pollutants?

  • Primary pollutants are more harmful than secondary pollutants
  • Primary pollutants are natural sources of pollution, while secondary pollutants are manmade sources
  • Primary pollutants are emitted directly from a source, while secondary pollutants form when other pollutants react in the atmosphere (correct)
  • Primary pollutants have immediate effects on health, while secondary pollutants have long-term effects

Which of the following is NOT a natural source of air pollution?

  • Forest fires
  • Dust storms
  • Volcanoes
  • Vehicle emissions (correct)

What is the main cause of the Great London Smog in 1952?

<p>Industrial emissions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a health effect of air pollution?

<p>Skin allergies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about soot particles is true?

<p>Soot particles contain a high amount of hydrogen. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical size range of soot particles?

<p>0.01 to 0.05 um (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do soot particles form in a flame?

<p>By chain reactions that build up larger molecules (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the C/H ratio of soot particles in the small particle stage?

<p>About unity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a global scale pollutant?

<p>Ozone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance was the dominant source of air pollution in Dublin before the ban on coal?

<p>Smoke from domestic fires (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the percentage decrease in SO2 levels in Dublin after the ban on coal?

<p>34% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas is commonly used to express mixing ratios in parts per million by volume (ppmv)?

<p>Water vapor (H2O) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the main air pollutants identified by the UK and USEPA?

<p>Ammonia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation can be used to relate mixing ratios with concentrations?

<p>$C = rac{pV}{nM}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sources is NOT an anthropogenic source of nitrogen oxides?

<p>Lightning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of photochemical smog?

<p>Carbon monoxide (CO) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential damage caused by high levels of sulphur dioxide?

<p>Raised respiration rates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a removal process for carbon monoxide?

<p>Forest Fires (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential health effect of exposure to particulate matter?

<p>Reduced levels of nutrients in soil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about PM2.5 particles?

<p>They are primarily formed in the atmosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key precursor of secondary organic aerosol (SOA)?

<p>Isoprene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which size range of airborne particles is considered ultrafine?

<p>Particles &lt; 0.1 µm in diameter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for the high concentration of toxic substances in small particles from coal combustion?

<p>Cleaning devices are less effective for small particles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between soot particles and char particles?

<p>Soot particles are spherical, while char particles are irregular in shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is responsible for initiating the removal of most volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere?

<p>Hydroxyl radical (OH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main formation mechanism of hydroxyl radical (OH)?

<p>Ozone (O3) photolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is responsible for the formation of ozone (O3)?

<p>Oxygen (O2) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pollutant has the shortest lifetime (residence time) in the atmosphere?

<p>Hydroxyl radical (OH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the fate of trace constituents in the atmosphere?

<p>Hydroxyl radical (OH) concentration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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