41 Questions
What is the primary purpose of solvent extraction in organic chemistry?
To isolate dissolved compounds from a solution
What is the molecular formula of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde?
C7H6O2
What is a characteristic of immiscible solvents?
They are insoluble in each other
What is an important consideration when choosing a solvent for extraction?
That it does not react with the solute or other solvent
What is the physical appearance of sodium chloride?
Colorless crystals
What is a property of diethyl ether?
It has a low boiling point
What is the first step in the solvent extraction process?
Transfer the sample to a separatory funnel
Why is the stopper removed from the separatory funnel?
To separate the two layers
Why is diethyl ether commonly used in extraction despite being flammable?
It has a high solvating power for hydrocarbons and O-containing compounds
What is a benefit of using solvent extraction in organic chemistry laboratories?
It is a convenient alternative to distillation
What is the purpose of shaking the mixture gently for 15-20 minutes?
To release pressure from the funnel
What is a desirable property of a solvent for extraction?
That it has a low boiling point
What happens when 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde is heated?
It sublimes
What is the purpose of drying the ethereal layer?
To remove impurities
What is the purpose of adding a small amount of NaCl to the water layer in solvent extraction?
To decrease the solubility of the non-polar compound
What is the partition coefficient in solvent extraction?
The ratio of the concentrations of a compound in the two phases of a mixture of 2 immiscible liquids at equilibrium
What is the result of the 'salting out' process in solvent extraction?
A decrease in the solubility of the non-polar compound
What is the typical composition of the two solvents in solvent extraction?
One solvent is organic and the other is aqueous
Why is diethyl ether used extensively as an extracting solvent?
Because it is very slightly soluble in water
What is the purpose of solvent extraction?
To separate the organic material from the salty aqueous phase
What is the 'salting out' process used for in solvent extraction?
To separate the organic material from the salty aqueous phase
What is the molar mass of sodium chloride?
58.44 g/mol
What is the primary characteristic of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde that allows it to be separated from sodium chloride?
Solubility in ether
What is the purpose of leaving the mixture for 5-10 minutes in the solvent extraction process?
To complete the separation of the two layers
What is the result of shaking the mixture gently for 15-20 minutes in the solvent extraction process?
No further pressure is released from the funnel stem
What is the physical appearance of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde?
Yellow-tan powder
Why is it important to use a separatory funnel in the solvent extraction process?
To separate the two layers
What is the molecular formula of sodium chloride?
NaCl
What is the purpose of adding 20ml of distilled water to the mixture in the solvent extraction process?
To decrease the solubility of sodium chloride
What is the physical state of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde when it is heated?
It sublimes
What is the primary advantage of using ether in the solvent extraction process?
It is a good solvent for 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde is a colorless crystal.
False
Sodium chloride is slightly soluble in water.
False
The mixture is shaken gently for 15-20 minutes to ensure complete separation of the two layers.
False
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde is soluble in water.
False
The molar mass of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde is 58.44 g/mol.
False
20ml of distilled water is added to the mixture to facilitate the separation of the two layers.
True
The ethereal layer is not dried after separation.
False
Sodium chloride is an ionic compound.
True
The separatory funnel is used to mix the two solvents.
False
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde sublimes when heated.
True
Test your understanding of solvent extraction, a method used to separate and purify organic compounds based on their ability to dissolve in two immiscible solvents. Learn how it's employed for isolation, removal of impurities, and more.
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