12 Questions
What is the principle of solvent extraction?
The process of isolating an organic compound from its aqueous solution by shaking it with a suitable organic solvent
What is the basis of the solvent extraction law?
Distribution law
What is the partition coefficient (KD) in solvent extraction?
The ratio of the concentrations of a solute in two non-miscible solvents at a constant temperature
What is the main advantage of liquid/liquid extraction (LLE) method for PAHs?
It extracts both dissolved and adsorbed PAHs in water
What is the purpose of acidifying the seawater sample with 10% HCl in the sampling, determination, and extraction of TPHs and PAHs?
To preserve against bacterial action
Why is the extraction of PAHs from soot for quantitative analysis difficult?
PAHs are extremely tightly bound to the sorbent matrix
What is the purpose of the rotary evaporator in the organic pollutants analysis methodology?
To separate organic compounds from the solvent under specific conditions
What is the function of the condenser in the organic pollutants analysis methodology?
To condensate the evaporated sample and enhance convenient sample collection
What is the purpose of the spectrofluorometer in the organic pollutants analysis methodology?
To determine and quantify total organic material/compounds such as phenol and petroleum hydrocarbons
The Soxhlet-extraction method is used to extract inorganic pollutants from sediment samples.
False
A hot water bath is used to heat the sample during the rotary evaporation process.
True
The spectrofluorometer contains a single monochromator for analyzing the emitted fluorescence.
False
Study Notes
Equipment and Methodology for Organic Pollutants Analysis
- Soxhlet-extraction method is used to extract organic pollutants from sediment samples.
- Methylene chloride is used as the solvent for the Soxhlet-extraction process.
- Rotary evaporator is used to separate organic compounds from the solvent under specific conditions.
- A rotary motor is used to rotate the evaporation flask at a continuous and constant speed, increasing the surface area for evaporation and ensuring even mixing and heating.
- A vacuum source is used to create a vacuum within the airtight set-up, reducing the pressure within the system.
- A glass tube is used to protect and support the sample during rotation and help create a vacuum.
- A heating bath, mainly a hot water bath, is used to heat the sample and regulate temperature.
- A condenser, mainly found in a double snake shape, is used to condensate the evaporated sample and enhance convenient sample collection.
- A spectrofluorometer is used for initial determination and quantification of total organic material/compounds such as phenol and petroleum hydrocarbons.
- The spectrofluorometer contains a light source, two monochromators, a sample holder, and a detector.
- A xenon arc lamp is used as the lamp source in the spectrofluorometer, emitting radiation in the UV, visible, and near-infrared regions.
- The fluorescence emitted by the sample molecules upon excitation is detected by a photocell at right angles to the excitation light beam and analyzed by the emission monochromator.
Equipment and Methodology for Organic Pollutants Analysis
- Soxhlet-extraction method is used to extract organic pollutants from sediment samples.
- Methylene chloride is used as the solvent for the Soxhlet-extraction process.
- Rotary evaporator is used to separate organic compounds from the solvent under specific conditions.
- A rotary motor is used to rotate the evaporation flask at a continuous and constant speed, increasing the surface area for evaporation and ensuring even mixing and heating.
- A vacuum source is used to create a vacuum within the airtight set-up, reducing the pressure within the system.
- A glass tube is used to protect and support the sample during rotation and help create a vacuum.
- A heating bath, mainly a hot water bath, is used to heat the sample and regulate temperature.
- A condenser, mainly found in a double snake shape, is used to condensate the evaporated sample and enhance convenient sample collection.
- A spectrofluorometer is used for initial determination and quantification of total organic material/compounds such as phenol and petroleum hydrocarbons.
- The spectrofluorometer contains a light source, two monochromators, a sample holder, and a detector.
- A xenon arc lamp is used as the lamp source in the spectrofluorometer, emitting radiation in the UV, visible, and near-infrared regions.
- The fluorescence emitted by the sample molecules upon excitation is detected by a photocell at right angles to the excitation light beam and analyzed by the emission monochromator.
Test your knowledge on the principle of solvent extraction and the selection of suitable organic solvents with this informative quiz. Learn about the process of isolating organic compounds from aqueous solutions by shaking them with specific solvents. Identify the common organic solvents used in this technique, such as ether, benzene, and acetone. Sharpen your understanding of this important scientific method and its applications with this engaging quiz.
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