Solubility Tests: Identifying Compounds in Organic Chemistry
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of a compound that is soluble in water?

  • It is a phenol
  • It contains more than four carbons
  • It contains a nitrogen or oxygen atom (correct)
  • It is a carboxylic acid

    • What is the next step if a compound is insoluble in water?

  • Test its solubility in 5% NaOH (correct)
  • Test its solubility in 5% HCl
  • Test its solubility in NaHCO3
  • Perform an alkaline test

    • What happens when a carboxylic acid reacts with NaHCO3?

  • It releases oxygen
  • It forms a water-insoluble salt
  • It yields carbon dioxide and a water-soluble salt (correct)
  • It produces a phenol

    • What is the purpose of testing a compound's solubility in NaHCO3?

    <p>To distinguish between carboxylic acids and phenols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a compound that is soluble in 5% NaOH but insoluble in water?

    <p>It is acidic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of NaHCO3 in the solubility tests?

    <p>It is a weaker base compared to NaOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between amines and an acid?

    <p>Water-soluble products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Ignition Test?

    <p>To distinguish between aliphatic and aromatic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication of a positive test in the Lucas Test?

    <p>The formation of a second phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between chromic acid and primary alcohols?

    <p>Aldehydes are oxidized into carboxylic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Hydroxamic Acid Test?

    <p>To test for the presence of an ester</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the reaction between potassium permanganate and an alkene?

    <p>A vicinal diol is produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Solubility Tests

    • Solubility tests are performed in a specific order: water, 5% NaOH, 5% HCl, and concentrated H2SO4
    • Solubility in water: compounds with four carbons or less and a nitrogen or oxygen atom are likely to be soluble
    • Solubility in 5% NaOH: acidic compounds (phenols or carboxylic acids) react with the base to form water-soluble products
    • Solubility in 5% HCl: basic organic compounds (amines) react with the acid to give water-soluble products
    • Solubility in concentrated H2SO4: unsaturated hydrocarbons and N- or O-containing compounds are protonated and dissolve in the acid

    Functional Group Tests

    • Ignition Test: distinguishes aliphatic from aromatic compounds based on the flame and smoke color
    • Baeyer Test: detects alkenes by reacting with potassium permanganate to form a vicinal diol
    • Lucas Test: detects alcohols (up to 5-6 carbons) using zinc chloride in HCl; tertiary alcohols react fastest
    • Chromic Acid Test: detects primary and secondary alcohols by oxidizing them to aldehydes and ketones; tertiary alcohols don't react
    • Hydroxamic Acid Test: detects esters by reacting with hydroxylamine to form a hydroxamic acid, which complexes with iron(III) chloride to form a red-violet complex
    • Iodoform Test: characterizes methylene groups adjacent to a carbonyl group

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    Description

    This quiz covers the solubility tests used to identify compounds in organic chemistry, including solubility in water and 5% NaOH. Learn how to determine the presence of carboxylic acids and other functional groups. Test your knowledge of these essential tests!

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