Solubility Test Chemistry: Identify Compounds in Organic Chemistry Quiz

What is a characteristic of a compound that is soluble in water?

What is the next step if a compound is insoluble in water?

What happens when a carboxylic acid reacts with NaHCO3?

What is the purpose of testing a compound's solubility in NaHCO3?

What is a characteristic of a compound that is soluble in 5% NaOH but insoluble in water?

What is the function of NaHCO3 in the solubility tests?

What is the result of the reaction between amines and an acid?

What is the purpose of the Ignition Test?

What is the indication of a positive test in the Lucas Test?

What is the result of the reaction between chromic acid and primary alcohols?

What is the purpose of the Hydroxamic Acid Test?

What is the result of the reaction between potassium permanganate and an alkene?

Solubility Tests

Solubility tests are performed in a specific order: water, 5% NaOH, 5% HCl, and concentrated H2SO4
Solubility in water: compounds with four carbons or less and a nitrogen or oxygen atom are likely to be soluble
Solubility in 5% NaOH: acidic compounds (phenols or carboxylic acids) react with the base to form water-soluble products
Solubility in 5% HCl: basic organic compounds (amines) react with the acid to give water-soluble products
Solubility in concentrated H2SO4: unsaturated hydrocarbons and N- or O-containing compounds are protonated and dissolve in the acid

Functional Group Tests

Ignition Test: distinguishes aliphatic from aromatic compounds based on the flame and smoke color
Baeyer Test: detects alkenes by reacting with potassium permanganate to form a vicinal diol
Lucas Test: detects alcohols (up to 5-6 carbons) using zinc chloride in HCl; tertiary alcohols react fastest
Chromic Acid Test: detects primary and secondary alcohols by oxidizing them to aldehydes and ketones; tertiary alcohols don't react
Hydroxamic Acid Test: detects esters by reacting with hydroxylamine to form a hydroxamic acid, which complexes with iron(III) chloride to form a red-violet complex
Iodoform Test: characterizes methylene groups adjacent to a carbonyl group

This quiz covers the solubility tests used to identify compounds in organic chemistry, including solubility in water and 5% NaOH. Learn how to determine the presence of carboxylic acids and other functional groups. Test your knowledge of these essential tests!