12 Questions
What is a characteristic of a compound that is soluble in water?
It contains a nitrogen or oxygen atom
What is the next step if a compound is insoluble in water?
Test its solubility in 5% NaOH
What happens when a carboxylic acid reacts with NaHCO3?
It yields carbon dioxide and a water-soluble salt
What is the purpose of testing a compound's solubility in NaHCO3?
To distinguish between carboxylic acids and phenols
What is a characteristic of a compound that is soluble in 5% NaOH but insoluble in water?
It is acidic
What is the function of NaHCO3 in the solubility tests?
It is a weaker base compared to NaOH
What is the result of the reaction between amines and an acid?
Water-soluble products
What is the purpose of the Ignition Test?
To distinguish between aliphatic and aromatic compounds
What is the indication of a positive test in the Lucas Test?
The formation of a second phase
What is the result of the reaction between chromic acid and primary alcohols?
Aldehydes are oxidized into carboxylic acids
What is the purpose of the Hydroxamic Acid Test?
To test for the presence of an ester
What is the result of the reaction between potassium permanganate and an alkene?
A vicinal diol is produced
Study Notes
Solubility Tests
- Solubility tests are performed in a specific order: water, 5% NaOH, 5% HCl, and concentrated H2SO4
- Solubility in water: compounds with four carbons or less and a nitrogen or oxygen atom are likely to be soluble
- Solubility in 5% NaOH: acidic compounds (phenols or carboxylic acids) react with the base to form water-soluble products
- Solubility in 5% HCl: basic organic compounds (amines) react with the acid to give water-soluble products
- Solubility in concentrated H2SO4: unsaturated hydrocarbons and N- or O-containing compounds are protonated and dissolve in the acid
Functional Group Tests
- Ignition Test: distinguishes aliphatic from aromatic compounds based on the flame and smoke color
- Baeyer Test: detects alkenes by reacting with potassium permanganate to form a vicinal diol
- Lucas Test: detects alcohols (up to 5-6 carbons) using zinc chloride in HCl; tertiary alcohols react fastest
- Chromic Acid Test: detects primary and secondary alcohols by oxidizing them to aldehydes and ketones; tertiary alcohols don't react
- Hydroxamic Acid Test: detects esters by reacting with hydroxylamine to form a hydroxamic acid, which complexes with iron(III) chloride to form a red-violet complex
- Iodoform Test: characterizes methylene groups adjacent to a carbonyl group
This quiz covers the solubility tests used to identify compounds in organic chemistry, including solubility in water and 5% NaOH. Learn how to determine the presence of carboxylic acids and other functional groups. Test your knowledge of these essential tests!
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