Predicting Polarity and Solubility Quiz

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Questions and Answers

According to the text, what is the most important factor in determining the solubility of a substance?

The relationship between the substance and the solvent in terms of structure (correct)

The color of the substance

The molecular weight of the substance

The density of the substance

What must be supplied in dissolution, melting, and boiling processes?

Light

Heat (correct)

Pressure

Electricity

Which type of solvents are able to dissolve ionic compounds appreciably?

Aromatic solvents

Highly polar solvents (correct)

Non-polar solvents

Aliphatic solvents

What type of molecule has a positive end and a negative end?

Polar molecule Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of energy required to break the bonds between solute particles?

Formation of bonds between solute particles and the solvent molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the reaction between a carboxylic acid and NaHCO3?

Formation of a water-soluble salt and evolution of CO2 Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds are usually soluble in concentrated H2SO4?

Compounds containing carbon-carbon pi bonds, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur Signup and view all the answers

What causes the formation of a dark solution or precipitate when a compound reacts with concentrated H2SO4?

Presence of certain functional groups reacting with the concentrated acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the presence of an amino group in a compound when it reacts with dilute acids?

Forms water-soluble ammonium salts Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome when a phenol containing strong electron-withdrawing substituents reacts with NaHCO3?

Forms a water-soluble sodium salt Signup and view all the answers

Which factor decreases the polarity of a compound?

Adding carbon atoms to the chain Signup and view all the answers

What can increase the solubility of a compound in water?

Hydrogen bonding between solute and solvent Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organic compounds are usually highly soluble in water?

Carboxylic acids and phenols Signup and view all the answers

How do organic compounds become ions in order to be water-soluble?

Primarily through acid-base reactions Signup and view all the answers

What happens when low-molar-mass organic compounds containing polar groups form hydrogen bonds with water?

They are generally soluble in water Signup and view all the answers

Which type of compounds dissolve in solvents based on their polarity?

Non-ionic compounds in polar solvents Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent?

Solubility Signup and view all the answers

In what type of solvents do ionic compounds dissolve due to ion-dipole bonds?

Solvents with high dielectric constant Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of solubility described in terms of grams of solute per liter or milligrams of solute per milliliter?

Concentration Signup and view all the answers

What do two liquids that are miscible do when mixed together?

Mix homogeneously in all proportions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ionic compounds dissolve in solvents with high dielectric constant, such as water, due to ion-dipole bonds formed between ions and solvent molecules.
Solvent molecules surround ions in solution and form a cluster around them, called solvation or hydration.
Water's superiority as a solvent for ionic substances comes from its polarity, high dielectric constant, and ability to form hydrogen bonds.
Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
Non-ionic compounds dissolve in solvents based on their polarity: polar compounds in polar solvents, and nonpolar compounds in nonpolar solvents.
Solubility can be described in terms of grams of solute per liter (g/L) or milligrams of solute per milliliter (mg/mL).
Three techniques in organic chemistry laboratory, crystallization, extraction, and chromatography, are based on the solubility of substances.
Two liquids that are miscible mix homogeneously in all proportions, while immiscible liquids do not mix homogeneously in all proportions and form two layers.
Solubility and miscibility are related concepts, but solubility has degrees, while miscibility does not.
To predict the solubility and polarity of molecular solutions, follow the guidelines: 1) hydrocarbons are nonpolar, 2) compounds with oxygen or nitrogen are polar, 3) halogen atoms do not significantly alter the polarity of an organic compound.

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Description

Test your knowledge of predicting polarity and solubility of organic compounds with this quiz. See if you can identify how the addition of carbon atoms to a chain affects the polarity and solubility of compounds.