Solubility and Solutions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the defining characteristic of a saturated solution?

Contains solute at a concentration equal to its solubility (correct)

Contains solute at a concentration below its solubility

Contains solute at a concentration above its solubility

Contains no solute

What is a supersaturated solution?

A solution with a concentration equal to its solubility

A solution with a lower concentration than its solubility

A solution with no solute present

A nonequilibrium condition where the solute's concentration exceeds its solubility (correct)

How do the solubilities of gaseous solutes change with increasing temperature?

They increase

They become immiscible

They remain constant

They decrease (correct)

What is the relation known as Henry’s law in relation to gaseous solutes?

The concentration of a gaseous solute in a solution is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas Signup and view all the answers

What are colligative properties of a solution dependent on?

Concentration of the solute particles Signup and view all the answers

What does the total concentration of solute particles in a solution determine?

Vapor pressure and osmotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

How does the solubility of most solids in water change with temperature?

It increases Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a solution saturated at an elevated temperature is cooled to a lower temperature without precipitating the solute?

The solution becomes supersaturated Signup and view all the answers

How can precipitation of excess solute in a supersaturated solution be initiated?

By adding a seed crystal Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using some hand warmers based on supersaturated solutions?

They produce heat when the supersaturated solution precipitates Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a solution being supersaturated?

Higher concentration of solute than its equilibrium solubility at the lower temperature Signup and view all the answers

In what way can the temperature dependence of solubility be exploited to prepare supersaturated solutions?

By cooling the saturated solution to a lower temperature without precipitating the solute Signup and view all the answers

What is a solution with a relatively low concentration of solute called?

Dilute Signup and view all the answers

In a supersaturated solution, the solute concentration exceeds its:

Solubility Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite of a concentrated solution?

Dilute Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the CO2 concentration in a supersaturated carbonated beverage over time?

Decreases Signup and view all the answers

In a supersaturated solution, what is the sole energetic factor affecting solubility?

Solute-solvent interactions Signup and view all the answers

What type of intermolecular attraction needs to be overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent?

Solute-solvent attraction Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cells when a hypertonic solution is injected?

They lose water and shrivel Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process when cells lose water and shrivel in a hypertonic solution?

Crenation Signup and view all the answers

Which property is directly proportional to the number of solute species present in a given amount of solution?

Osmotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What property permits determination of a solute’s molar mass when measured for a solution prepared using a known mass of solute?

Freezing point depression Signup and view all the answers

In which type of solution do cells swell and possibly rupture?

Hypotonic Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process when cells swell and possibly rupture in a hypotonic solution?

Hemolysis Signup and view all the answers

Why are supersaturated solutions of most solids in water prepared by cooling saturated solutions?

The process of cooling stabilizes the excess solute in the solution. Signup and view all the answers

Why are supersaturated solutions of most gases in water prepared by heating saturated solutions?

Heating increases the kinetic energy of the gas molecules, allowing more to dissolve. Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely reason for ethanol (C2H5OH) being completely miscible with water?

Similar molecular structure and polarity with water Signup and view all the answers

Why is ethanethiol (C2H5SH) only soluble to the extent of 1.5 g per 100 mL of water?

Different molecular structure and polarity with water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gases is expected to be most soluble in water?

CO2 Signup and view all the answers

At 0 °C and 4.00 atm, how many grams of O2 dissolve in 1 L of water?

$5.6 g$ Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Solution Characteristics

A saturated solution is defined as one that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved under a given set of conditions.
A supersaturated solution is a solution that contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature, often prepared by slowly cooling a saturated solution.

Gaseous Solutes

The solubility of gaseous solutes generally decreases with increasing temperature.
Henry's law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the solution.

Colligative Properties

Colligative properties of a solution are dependent on the total concentration of solute particles, not the type of solute.
The total concentration of solute particles in a solution determines the osmotic pressure, boiling point elevation, and freezing point depression.

Solubility and Temperature

The solubility of most solids in water increases with temperature.
When a solution saturated at an elevated temperature is cooled to a lower temperature without precipitating the solute, it becomes supersaturated.
Supersaturated solutions can be prepared by exploiting the temperature dependence of solubility.

Supersaturated Solutions

A solution with a relatively low concentration of solute is called a dilute solution.
In a supersaturated solution, the solute concentration exceeds its equilibrium value, and the solution is unstable.
The main advantage of using some hand warmers based on supersaturated solutions is that they can release heat energy when the excess solute precipitates.

Biological Effects

When a hypertonic solution is injected into cells, the cells lose water and shrivel, a process called crenation.
In a hypotonic solution, cells swell and possibly rupture, a process called hemolysis.
Osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the number of solute species present in a given amount of solution.

Solubility and Intermolecular Forces

The sole energetic factor affecting solubility in a supersaturated solution is the intermolecular attraction between the solute and solvent.
The type of intermolecular attraction that needs to be overcome when a gaseous solute dissolves in a liquid solvent is London dispersion forces.

Solubility of Specific Substances

Ethanol (C2H5OH) is completely miscible with water due to its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water.
Ethanethiol (C2H5SH) is only soluble to the extent of 1.5 g per 100 mL of water because it is a larger and more polar molecule than ethanol.
Oxygen is expected to be the most soluble of the following gases in water at 0 °C and 4.00 atm, with 1.38 g dissolving in 1 L of water.

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Description

Test your knowledge about solubility, saturated and supersaturated solutions, and the behavior of miscible and immiscible liquids in this quiz.