Solar System and Astronomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Based on the information, which of the following statements is TRUE about planetary bodies in our Solar System?

  • The Oort Cloud, located beyond Neptune, is the source of most long-period comets, predominantly composed of ice. (correct)
  • Comets orbit the Sun and are composed of dust, rock, and ice.
  • Venus and Mercury have longer years than Earth due to their closer proximity to the Sun.
  • The Kuiper Belt is located between Mars and Jupiter, consisting of mostly rocky objects.

Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the provided information?

  • The Moon's orbit around the Earth takes approximately 27 days.
  • The Andromeda Galaxy, the closest major galaxy to the Milky Way, is a barred spiral galaxy located about 2.5 million light-years away.
  • The Sun is the dominant source of mass in the Solar System, accounting for 98.8% of its total mass.
  • The Sun's light takes about 30 minutes to reach Earth, traveling at a speed of 300,000 km per second. (correct)

Based on the provided information, which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the Earth?

  • The Earth spins from West to East.
  • The distance between the Earth and the Sun is approximately 150 million kilometers.
  • The Earth's atmosphere primarily comprises nitrogen and oxygen, with approximately 21% nitrogen and 78% oxygen. (correct)
  • The Earth's atmosphere is composed predominantly of nitrogen and oxygen, with approximately 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen.

Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of a supernova, based on the information provided?

<p>Formation of new stars from the ejected material. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs is INCORRECTLY matched based on the provided description?

<p>Uranus - Goddess of the Sky (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between a refractor telescope and a reflector telescope, based on the information provided?

<p>Refractor telescopes use lenses to focus light, while reflector telescopes use mirrors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the provided information, which of the following statements is TRUE about the Sun?

<p>The Sun is approximately 4.5 billion years old. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is CORRECT based on the provided information about the Solar System?

<p>All planets in the Solar System, except for Earth, are named after Greek and Roman Gods and Goddesses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the provided information, which of the following statements describes the relationship between the Sun and Earth?

<p>The Earth orbits the Sun at a distance of 150 million kilometers, taking approximately 365 days to complete one orbit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Asteroid Belt

A region with rocky objects located between Mars and Jupiter.

Kuiper Belt

A region beyond Neptune filled with icy bodies.

Oort Cloud

A spherical region of icy comet nuclei, farthest from the Sun.

Ganymede

The largest moon in our solar system, belonging to Jupiter.

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Venus and Mercury

Planets that have shorter years than Earth due to close orbits to the Sun.

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Supernova

A colossal explosion marking the end of a star's life.

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Core-collapse Supernova

A type of supernova that happens in massive stars at the end of their lives.

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Earth's Atmosphere

Made up of approximately 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen.

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Light from the Sun to Earth

Takes about 8 minutes for sunlight to reach Earth, traveling at 300,000 km/s.

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Moon Phases

The Moon has 8 main phases in its cycle as it orbits Earth every 27 days.

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Study Notes

Solar System

  • The Asteroid Belt is located between Mars and Jupiter, primarily containing rocky objects.
  • The Kuiper Belt, beyond Neptune's orbit, is composed mainly of icy bodies.
  • The Oort Cloud, the outermost region, is a spherical cloud of icy comet nuclei, the source of most long-period comets.
  • Comets are made of dust, rock, and ice.
  • The Solar System's largest moon, Ganymede, orbits Jupiter.
  • The Sun is approximately 4.5 billion years old and comprises about 98.8% of the Solar System's mass.
  • Venus and Mercury, closer to the Sun than Earth, have shorter orbital periods and are the roundest planets in the solar system (nearly perfect spheres).
  • Mars hosts the largest volcano in the Solar System.
  • All planets (excluding Earth) are named after Greek and Roman deities.

Astronomy

  • Telescopes are categorized into refractor and reflector types.
  • Apollo 11 was the first mission to land on the moon.
  • A supernova, a massive stellar explosion, can result in neutron stars or black holes.
  • Core-collapse supernovae occur in the final stages of massive stars (at least eight times the Sun's mass).
  • Thermal runaway supernovae are another type of stellar explosion.
  • No probe has yet landed on Jupiter or Saturn.
  • The Andromeda Galaxy, a barred spiral galaxy, is the nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way, approximately 2.5 million light-years away.

Earth and the Moon

  • Earth rotates from west to east and is 150 million kilometers from the Sun.
  • Earth's atmosphere is roughly 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen.
  • Sunlight takes about 8 minutes to reach Earth (traveling at 300,000 km/s).
  • Proxima Centauri is the closest star to Earth (besides the Sun).
  • The Moon has no atmosphere, orbits Earth every 27 days, and reflects sunlight for visibility.
  • There are 8 main phases in the Moon's cycle.
  • A Blue Moon occurs when there are two full moons in a single calendar month (happens roughly every 2.7 years).

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