Solar Photovoltaic Cells Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main principle behind solar photovoltaic cells?

  • Photovoltaic effect. (correct)
  • Thermal conduction of materials.
  • Chemical reaction.
  • Magnetic induction.

    • Which material is commonly used as the semiconductor in solar PV cells?

  • Copper.
  • Aluminum.
  • Gallium.
  • Silicon. (correct)

    • What type of current is generated by solar photovoltaic cells?

  • Alternating current (AC).
  • High frequency current (HFC).
  • Variable current (VC).
  • Direct current (DC). (correct)

    • What is the purpose of doping the semiconductor material in solar PV cells?

    <p>To create regions with excess electrons and holes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the anti-reflective coating in a solar PV cell?

    <p>To minimize sunlight reflection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the p-n junction in solar PV cells?

    <p>Creation of an electric field. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the metal contacts play in a solar PV cell?

    <p>To allow flow of electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is an inverter used in solar energy systems?

    <p>To convert DC to AC. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to electrons when photons strike the semiconductor in solar PV cells?

    <p>They gain energy and move freely. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is encapsulated in solar PV cells to protect against environmental factors?

    <p>Entire cell structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of extracted steam in HDR systems?

    <p>To drive turbines for electricity generation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one challenge associated with HDR systems?

    <p>Induced seismicity from high-pressure water injections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system involves the extraction of high-pressure hot water to create steam?

    <p>Flash Steam Systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does Binary Fluid Systems provide in geothermal energy production?

    <p>Generates electricity at lower temperatures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes vapor-dominated geothermal systems?

    <p>Steam is extracted directly for turbine operation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What operational strategy does the Total Flow Concept employ?

    <p>Utilizes the total flow from a reservoir for multiple applications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of geothermal system is exemplified by The Geysers in California?

    <p>Vapor-Dominated Systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of Liquid-Dominated Systems?

    <p>Extracts water for heat rather than steam (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What economic concern exists regarding the development of HDR systems?

    <p>Variable long-term economic feasibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would Flash Steam Systems be typically applied?

    <p>When extracting high-pressure hot water rapidly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is conversion efficiency in solar cells?

    <p>The ratio of electrical power output to incident solar power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence the conversion efficiency of solar cells?

    <p>Cloud cover (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the anti-reflective coating in solar cells?

    <p>To maximize light absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the anode reaction in a fuel cell, what are the products of the oxidation of hydrogen?

    <p>Protons and electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fuel cell operates at high temperatures around 800-1,000°C?

    <p>Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of hydraulic fracturing in the Hot Dry Rock system?

    <p>To create fractures for enhanced water circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In fuel cells, what ultimately combines with protons and electrons at the cathode?

    <p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application is associated with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC)?

    <p>Fuel cell vehicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key by-product of the overall reaction in a fuel cell?

    <p>Water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge facing HDR systems?

    <p>Induced seismicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system uses steam directly extracted from high-temperature reservoirs for electricity generation?

    <p>Vapor-Dominated Systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does the Total Flow Concept provide?

    <p>Maximizes utilization of geothermal resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of doping in semiconductor materials used in solar PV cells?

    <p>To create an electric field by forming p-n junctions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is essential for allowing light absorption in solar photovoltaic cells?

    <p>Anti-reflective coating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of geothermal system is characterized by pumping hot water to the surface for direct heating rather than steam generation?

    <p>Liquid-Dominated Systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the metal contacts in a solar PV cell?

    <p>To allow the flow of electrons out of the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic defines binary fluid systems in geothermal energy production?

    <p>Employs a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key operational process in Flash Steam Systems?

    <p>Rapidly reducing pressure of hot water to produce steam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to electrons in a solar PV cell when photons strike the semiconductor?

    <p>Electrons are excited and become free to move (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the electricity generated by solar PV cells characterized?

    <p>Direct current flowing in one direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation affects the success of HDR systems?

    <p>Insufficient temperature gradient at depth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly utilized as the primary application of HDR systems?

    <p>Electricity generation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the encapsulation material in solar PV cells?

    <p>To protect the semiconductor from environmental factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geothermal system can potentially expand geothermal resources to areas lacking conventional reservoirs?

    <p>Hot Dry Rock Systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the inverter play in a solar energy system?

    <p>Converts DC to AC for practical applications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region do freed electrons move to after being excited by photons in a solar PV cell?

    <p>n-type region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the semiconductor material in solar PV cells?

    <p>It enables the photovoltaic effect to occur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of having a p-n junction in solar PV cells?

    <p>It facilitates the movement of electrons and holes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does temperature affect the efficiency of solar cells?

    <p>Efficiency decreases as temperature rises. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the design of a solar cell play in its conversion efficiency?

    <p>The arrangement of layers and contacts influences efficiency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC)?

    <p>Fuel cell vehicles and buses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a fuel cell, what happens to the electrons produced at the anode?

    <p>They flow through an external circuit to generate electric current. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fuel cell is characterized by operating at high temperatures around 650-1,000°C?

    <p>Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of hydraulic fracturing in the Hot Dry Rock system?

    <p>To enhance the permeability of rocks for water circulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the by-products of the overall reaction in a fuel cell?

    <p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is an effective anti-reflective coating important for solar cells?

    <p>It maximizes light absorption to improve efficiency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of material quality on solar cell efficiency?

    <p>High-quality materials with fewer defects lead to better efficiency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of using fuel cells in backup power systems?

    <p>They provide reliable power during outages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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