Solar Photovoltaic Cells Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main principle behind solar photovoltaic cells?

  • Photovoltaic effect. (correct)
  • Thermal conduction of materials.
  • Chemical reaction.
  • Magnetic induction.

Which material is commonly used as the semiconductor in solar PV cells?

  • Copper.
  • Aluminum.
  • Gallium.
  • Silicon. (correct)

What type of current is generated by solar photovoltaic cells?

  • Alternating current (AC).
  • High frequency current (HFC).
  • Variable current (VC).
  • Direct current (DC). (correct)

What is the purpose of doping the semiconductor material in solar PV cells?

<p>To create regions with excess electrons and holes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the anti-reflective coating in a solar PV cell?

<p>To minimize sunlight reflection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs at the p-n junction in solar PV cells?

<p>Creation of an electric field. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the metal contacts play in a solar PV cell?

<p>To allow flow of electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is an inverter used in solar energy systems?

<p>To convert DC to AC. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to electrons when photons strike the semiconductor in solar PV cells?

<p>They gain energy and move freely. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is encapsulated in solar PV cells to protect against environmental factors?

<p>Entire cell structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of extracted steam in HDR systems?

<p>To drive turbines for electricity generation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one challenge associated with HDR systems?

<p>Induced seismicity from high-pressure water injections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system involves the extraction of high-pressure hot water to create steam?

<p>Flash Steam Systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does Binary Fluid Systems provide in geothermal energy production?

<p>Generates electricity at lower temperatures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes vapor-dominated geothermal systems?

<p>Steam is extracted directly for turbine operation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What operational strategy does the Total Flow Concept employ?

<p>Utilizes the total flow from a reservoir for multiple applications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of geothermal system is exemplified by The Geysers in California?

<p>Vapor-Dominated Systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of Liquid-Dominated Systems?

<p>Extracts water for heat rather than steam (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What economic concern exists regarding the development of HDR systems?

<p>Variable long-term economic feasibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would Flash Steam Systems be typically applied?

<p>When extracting high-pressure hot water rapidly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is conversion efficiency in solar cells?

<p>The ratio of electrical power output to incident solar power (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence the conversion efficiency of solar cells?

<p>Cloud cover (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the anti-reflective coating in solar cells?

<p>To maximize light absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the anode reaction in a fuel cell, what are the products of the oxidation of hydrogen?

<p>Protons and electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fuel cell operates at high temperatures around 800-1,000°C?

<p>Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of hydraulic fracturing in the Hot Dry Rock system?

<p>To create fractures for enhanced water circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In fuel cells, what ultimately combines with protons and electrons at the cathode?

<p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which application is associated with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC)?

<p>Fuel cell vehicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key by-product of the overall reaction in a fuel cell?

<p>Water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge facing HDR systems?

<p>Induced seismicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system uses steam directly extracted from high-temperature reservoirs for electricity generation?

<p>Vapor-Dominated Systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does the Total Flow Concept provide?

<p>Maximizes utilization of geothermal resources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of doping in semiconductor materials used in solar PV cells?

<p>To create an electric field by forming p-n junctions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is essential for allowing light absorption in solar photovoltaic cells?

<p>Anti-reflective coating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of geothermal system is characterized by pumping hot water to the surface for direct heating rather than steam generation?

<p>Liquid-Dominated Systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the metal contacts in a solar PV cell?

<p>To allow the flow of electrons out of the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic defines binary fluid systems in geothermal energy production?

<p>Employs a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key operational process in Flash Steam Systems?

<p>Rapidly reducing pressure of hot water to produce steam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to electrons in a solar PV cell when photons strike the semiconductor?

<p>Electrons are excited and become free to move (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the electricity generated by solar PV cells characterized?

<p>Direct current flowing in one direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What limitation affects the success of HDR systems?

<p>Insufficient temperature gradient at depth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly utilized as the primary application of HDR systems?

<p>Electricity generation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the encapsulation material in solar PV cells?

<p>To protect the semiconductor from environmental factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geothermal system can potentially expand geothermal resources to areas lacking conventional reservoirs?

<p>Hot Dry Rock Systems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the inverter play in a solar energy system?

<p>Converts DC to AC for practical applications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which region do freed electrons move to after being excited by photons in a solar PV cell?

<p>n-type region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the semiconductor material in solar PV cells?

<p>It enables the photovoltaic effect to occur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of having a p-n junction in solar PV cells?

<p>It facilitates the movement of electrons and holes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does temperature affect the efficiency of solar cells?

<p>Efficiency decreases as temperature rises. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the design of a solar cell play in its conversion efficiency?

<p>The arrangement of layers and contacts influences efficiency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC)?

<p>Fuel cell vehicles and buses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a fuel cell, what happens to the electrons produced at the anode?

<p>They flow through an external circuit to generate electric current. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fuel cell is characterized by operating at high temperatures around 650-1,000°C?

<p>Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of hydraulic fracturing in the Hot Dry Rock system?

<p>To enhance the permeability of rocks for water circulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the by-products of the overall reaction in a fuel cell?

<p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is an effective anti-reflective coating important for solar cells?

<p>It maximizes light absorption to improve efficiency. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of material quality on solar cell efficiency?

<p>High-quality materials with fewer defects lead to better efficiency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant advantage of using fuel cells in backup power systems?

<p>They provide reliable power during outages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Solar PV Cell Principle

Sunlight is converted directly into electricity using the photovoltaic effect.

Photovoltaic Effect

Generation of an electric current when light strikes a material.

Semiconductor Material

Material (usually silicon) in solar PV cell that absorbs light and creates charge carriers.

Doping

Adding small amounts of other elements to semiconductor to create n-type or p-type regions.

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P-N Junction

Boundary between n-type and p-type semiconductor regions, crucial for photovoltaic effect.

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Metal Contacts

Electrodes on solar cell to collect and carry the electric current.

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Anti-Reflective Coating

Layer on the top of solar cell to maximize light absorption.

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Electron Movement

Free electrons move towards n-type, holes towards p-type, due to the p-n junction electric field.

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Direct Current (DC)

Electric current that flows in one direction in a circuit

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Inverter (for AC)

Device to convert DC electricity produced by solar cell to AC electricity.

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Solar Cell Conversion Efficiency

The efficiency of a solar cell is the ratio of the electrical power output to the incident solar power.

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Fuel Cell

An electrochemical device that converts chemical energy of fuel and oxidizer directly into electricity.

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Fuel Cell Anode

Negative electrode where fuel is oxidized, releasing electrons.

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Fuel Cell Cathode

Positive electrode where protons and electrons combine with oxygen, forming water.

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PEMFC

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, uses a polymer electrolyte.

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HDR System

Hot Dry Rock system for geothermal energy harnessing heat from deep rock formations.

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Hydraulic Fracturing

Injecting water under pressure to create fractures in rocks.

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Solar Cell Material Quality

High quality semiconductor material with fewer defects increases efficiency.

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Geothermal Energy

Energy harnessed from the Earth's internal heat.

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Hot Dry Rock (HDR)

Deep rock formations with high temperatures, used for geothermal energy.

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HDR Systems

Systems that create fractures in hot rocks to access geothermal energy, expanding the range of locations for geothermal power plants.

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Induced Seismicity

Earthquakes triggered by human activities, a concern in some geothermal energy projects.

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Vapor-Dominated System

Geothermal system where steam is the dominant phase, used directly for electricity generation.

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Liquid-Dominated System

Geothermal system where water is the dominant phase, extracted and used for heating or binary cycles.

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Flash Steam System

Involves extracting high-pressure hot water and reducing pressure to create steam for electricity generation.

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Binary Fluid System

Uses a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point to generate electricity from moderate-temperature resources.

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Total Flow Concept

Utilizes geothermal fluid for both direct use (heating) and electricity generation in a single system.

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Combined Heat & Power (CHP)

Systems that use geothermal energy to generate both electricity and usable heat.

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Scalability (HDR)

HDR systems can potentially be larger and generate more power.

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Geographical Flexibility (HDR)

HDR systems are not limited to specific geological locations like conventional geothermal resources.

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Solar PV Cell Principle

Sunlight is converted directly to electricity by the photovoltaic effect, where light excites electrons in a semiconductor material.

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Semiconductor Material

A material, often silicon, that absorbs light and releases electrons to carry an electric charge/current when exposed to light.

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Doping

Adding other elements to a semiconductor to create positive or negative regions, essential for the electric flow/charge separation and voltage generation

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p-n junction

The interface between the doped regions of a semiconductor creating the electrical voltage for electricity generation/flow

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Metal Contacts

Electrodes on the solar cell surface to collect and transport the electric current.

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anti-reflective coating

A layer applied to maximize light absorption by making the cell surface better at absorbing light and thus generating more current /electricity

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photovoltaic effect

The creation of an electric current in a material upon exposure to light.

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direct current (DC)

Electrical current flowing in one direction.

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conversion efficiency

Ratio of electrical power output to incident solar power.

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inversion (AC)

The process of changing direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) - a process required for grid integration.

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Solar Cell Conversion Efficiency

Ratio of electrical power output to incident solar power, showing how well a solar cell converts sunlight to electricity.

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Fuel Cell

Electrochemical device converting fuel and oxidizer's chemical energy into electricity.

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Fuel Cell Anode

Negative electrode where fuel undergoes oxidation.

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Fuel Cell Cathode

Positive electrode where protons and electrons react with oxygen.

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PEMFC

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, using a polymer electrolyte.

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HDR System

Uses fractures in hot rock for geothermal energy.

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Hydraulic Fracturing

Creating fractures in rocks via high-pressure water injection.

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Solar Cell Material Quality

High-quality semiconductor material leads to better solar cell performance.

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Geothermal Energy

Energy harnessed from Earth's internal heat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hot Dry Rock (HDR)

Deep, hot rock formations for geothermal energy generation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

HDR System

A system that creates fractures in hot rock to access geothermal energy, expanding the range of locations for geothermal power plants.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Induced Seismicity

Earthquakes triggered by human activities, a common concern in some geothermal energy projects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vapor-Dominated System

A geothermal system where steam is the dominant phase, used directly for electricity generation.

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Liquid-Dominated System

A geothermal system where water is the dominant phase, extracted and used for heating or binary cycles.

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Flash Steam System

A method of extracting high-pressure hot water and reducing the pressure to create steam for electricity generation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Binary Fluid System

Uses a secondary fluid (lower boiling point) to generate electricity from moderate-temperature resources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Total Flow Concept

Utilizes geothermal fluid for both direct use (heating) and electricity generation in a single system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Combined Heat & Power (CHP)

Systems that use geothermal energy to generate both electricity and usable heat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Scalability (HDR)

HDR systems can potentially be expanded to generate more power.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Geographical Flexibility (HDR)

HDR systems aren't limited to specific geological locations like conventional geothermal resources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

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