Soil Composition Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a common characteristic used for the classification of soil profiles?

  • Number of species in the profile
  • Thickness of horizons (correct)
  • Annual rainfall in the region
  • pH of the soil material

In soil science, what is a hierarchical classification?

  • A classification based on the chemical composition only
  • A classification based on the number of horizons in the profile
  • A classification based on soil color only
  • A classification where classes form other objects that can be classified further (correct)

What is a major distinction between natural and technical approaches in soil classifications?

  • Natural approaches focus on soil genesis, technical approaches focus on parent material
  • Natural approaches group soils based on intrinsic properties, technical approaches do not (correct)
  • Natural approaches have fewer classification criteria than technical approaches
  • Natural approaches reference use, technical approaches do not

What is a characteristic that is NOT used for classifying soil profiles according to the text?

<p>Annual temperature range (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the classification of soil series into reference soil groups?

<p>It is part of a hierarchical classification in soil science (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are accessory or covarying characteristics important in the classification of objects?

<p>To provide additional information for better categorization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four basic components that make up soil composition?

<p>Minerals, organic matter, air, water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one example of natural classification mentioned in the text?

<p>Boreal soils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered one of the five soil forming factors mentioned in the text?

<p>Weathering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle involves organizing soil knowledge based on specific objectives?

<p>Principle of Purpose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the ideal soil is typically composed of minerals?

<p>45% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the organic matter content usually much lower than 5% according to the text?

<p>Nigeria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of technical soil classifications?

<p>Properties related to proposed uses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification system groups soils based on their development pathway?

<p>Genetic soil classifications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can alter the volume of the pore space in soil?

<p>Water additions through various processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of soil composition is found in the pore spaces between solid soil particles?

<p>Air and water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Principle of Certainty?

<p>Objectivity through diagnostics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification system is specifically mentioned in the text as related to suitability classes?

<p>Land Use Capability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic composition of silicate minerals in soils?

<p>Si, Al, O2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the charge on particles under moderately acid conditions?

<p>Little or no charge (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the pH affect the charge on colloidal particles?

<p>As pH increases, the negative charge increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common element found in the Earth's crust after oxygen?

<p>Silicon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the attachment of H+ ions to surface OH groups under more acidic soil conditions?

<p>Protonation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonding holds Si and Al atoms together with O2 atoms in clays?

<p>Ionic bonding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fungi in the soil ecosystem?

<p>Breaking down complex dead organisms and improving water retention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microfungi are mentioned as helpful in the preservation of organic materials in the soil?

<p>Cladosporium and Dematium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic smell associated with actinomycetes in a freshly ploughed field?

<p>Musty or earthy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is particularly abundant in soils rich in decomposed organic materials?

<p>Actinomycetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do algae contribute to soil conservation?

<p>Improving soil structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following microfungi thrive by having a mutual relationship with plants?

<p>Aspergillus and Penicillium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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