30 Questions
What are the five major activities performed in project planning?
Project estimation, project scheduling, risk analysis, quality management planning, change management planning
What is the first step in software estimation according to the text?
Defining the software scope
What is one of the key factors considered before making a final software estimate?
Historical data and previous experience
What does software estimation require according to the text?
Experience, access to good historical information (metrics), and courage to commit to quantitative predictions
Why should both the project planner and customer recognize variability in software requirements?
To ensure stability in cost and schedule
What provides a historical perspective and powerful input for generation of quantitative estimates?
Process and project metrics
What is the primary objective of risk monitoring?
All of the above
Which of the following should the project manager monitor during risk monitoring?
All of the above
What is an example of a mitigation step mentioned in the text?
Continuously monitoring current development activity
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a step to continue a project even if staff leaves?
Providing incentives to retain staff
What should the project manager monitor regarding job availability?
Both availability of jobs within and outside the organization
When does the project manager perform risk management according to the text?
When a risk becomes a reality
In the context of software development, what does EAF stand for?
Effort Adjustment Factor
What is the purpose of the effort adjustment factor (EAF) in the COCOMO model?
To adjust the effort required based on various cost drivers and attributes
Which factor affects the EAF based on the listed attributes?
Computer turnabout time
What are the values of 'ai' for Organic, Semi-detached, and Embedded software projects in the COCOMO model?
3.2, 3.0, 2.8
What is the formula for effort calculation in the COCOMO model?
$E = ai (KLOC)^bi$
What is the purpose of 'db' in the COCOMO model equation D = cb(E)db?
To adjust the duration based on effort and person-months estimate
What is a primary reason for continually updating project schedules?
To account for potential issues that may arise during the project lifecycle
Which of the following is NOT listed as a typical problem that may occur during the project development stage?
Project requirements may change
Which of the following is NOT listed as a required resource for accomplishing a project within a given schedule?
Detailed documentation
What is the purpose of representing project schedules as a set of charts?
To illustrate the work-breakdown structure and dependencies between activities
What does a node in a task network represent?
An activity or task
What is the primary benefit of defining a task network for a project manager?
It helps the project manager understand the project work breakdown structure
What does the acronym DRE stand for in the context of error tracking metrics?
Defect Removal Efficiency
What is the purpose of comparing the current error tracking metrics with past project averages?
To identify potential areas of concern that may require further investigation
What is the purpose of the Risk Mitigation, Monitoring and Management (RMMM) plan?
To document the risk analysis process and serve as part of the overall project plan
What is the primary objective of risk monitoring according to the text?
To track the project's progress and identify potential problems
What is a Risk Information Sheet (RIS) used for in the context of risk management?
To document individual risks and maintain a database for analysis
What is the difference between risk mitigation and risk monitoring?
Risk mitigation is a problem avoidance activity, while risk monitoring is a project tracking activity
Study Notes
Project Planning
- Project planning involves five major activities:
- Project estimation
- Project scheduling
- Risk analysis
- Quality management planning
- Change management planning
Project Estimation
- Software estimation begins with a description of the scope of the software product
- The scope must be bounded to develop a meaningful project
- The problem is decomposed into smaller problems, which are estimated using historical data and previous experience
- Two important issues considered before final estimation are problem complexity and risk
Time and Effort Estimation
- Techniques for time and effort estimation involve process and project metrics to provide historical perspective and input for quantitative estimates
- Estimation requires experience, access to good historical information, and the courage to commit to quantitative predictions
- Variability in software requirements means instability in cost and schedule
Risk Monitoring
- Risk monitoring involves monitoring:
- Team members' behavior under pressure
- Teamwork spirit
- Cooperation among team members
- Types of problems occurring
- Job availability
- The objective of risk monitoring is to:
- Check if predicted risks occur
- Ensure mitigation steps are applied properly
- Gather information for risk analysis
Risk Management
- The project manager performs risk management when risks become a reality
- The product of effort multipliers results in the "effort adjustment factor" (EAF)
- Cost drivers include:
- Product attributes (software reliability, application database size, complexity)
- Hardware attributes (run-time performance, memory constraints)
- Personnel attributes (analyst capability, software engineer capability)
- Project attributes (use of software tools, development schedule)
COCOMO Model
- The formula for effort calculation is: E = ai (KLOC)bi EAF person-months
- Values for ai and bi vary for different classes of software projects (organic, semi-detached, embedded)
Project Scheduling
- The project manager separates the total work into small activities and determines the time required for each
- Activities may be conducted in parallel for efficient performance
- The project manager should be aware of potential problems, such as:
- People leaving or being absent
- Hardware failure
- Unavailability of software resources
Defining Task Network
- A task is a small unit of work
- The task network or activity network is a graphical representation of dependencies between tasks
- Nodes correspond to activities, and tasks are linked if there is a dependency between them
Error Tracking Metrics
- Errors per component can be tracked at different levels (code, requirement analysis, architectural design, component level design)
- The project manager calculates current values and compares them with past projects
- If the current result differs by more than 20% from the average, investigation is needed
RMMM Plan
- A risk management strategy can be included in the software project plan or organized into a separate risk mitigation, monitoring, and management plan (RMMM)
- The RMMM plan documents all work performed as part of risk analysis and is used by the project manager as part of the overall project plan
Learn about the key activities involved in software project planning, such as project estimation, scheduling, risk analysis, quality management planning, and change management planning. Understand the importance of defining the scope of the software product for successful project development.
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