Software Effort Estimation and Project Planning

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Questions and Answers

What is the main objective of software effort estimation?

  • To provide a range of possible effort values
  • To create internal project targets (correct)
  • To deliver outputs of specified characteristics
  • To account for estimation uncertainty

How does traditional estimation consider effort?

  • As a distribution of effort values
  • As a single value (correct)
  • As a function of project risks
  • As a range of possible values

What is the recommended use for estimates in bidding processes?

  • As a basis for bidding processes (correct)
  • To account for estimation uncertainty
  • To provide a range of possible effort values
  • As a basis for creating internal project targets

How are range estimates proposed to represent effort?

<p>As a range and/or distribution of possible effort values (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should not be done with estimates in software effort estimation?

<p>Provide them to customers as bids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the estimation objective relate to project activities?

<p>By providing an approximation of the resources needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does DeMarco suggest about using estimates in projects?

<p>Estimates should be defined as the predictions with the highest probability of becoming true (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does traditional estimation consider the estimate?

<p>As a single value (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PMI recommend for projects considered very risky?

<p>Explicit inclusion of contingency and management reserves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative proposed for representing estimation uncertainty?

<p>Using a range and/or distribution of possible effort values (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In project management, what does scope refer to according to PMI (2013)?

<p>The features and functions that characterize the product, service, or result (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is project scope indirectly reduced in software engineering?

<p>By not performing specific quality assurance activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'project target' refer to in the context of internal project planning?

<p>The estimated resources needed to complete project activities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In project management, what are the contingency reserves referred to in the text?

<p>Resources used at the discretion of the project manager to deal with known unknown events (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of including contingency reserves in a project target?

<p>To plan for rare events that are not included in the project plan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should project managers adjust project plans in anticipation of possible risks?

<p>By evaluating the impact of risks on effort and adjusting plans appropriately (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should project managers be cautious of regarding risks in both estimation and project planning?

<p>Double-counting risks by considering them in both estimation and project planning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of having room for unforeseen events in a realistic project plan?

<p>To anticipate and accommodate potential risks and uncertainties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of assigning contingency reserves to identified risks during project planning?

<p>To ensure that the identified risks have resources available in case they occur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the first step when asked for estimates, especially if project targets have already been defined?

<p>Align the estimates with the predefined targets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does adjusting estimates in project estimation involve?

<p>Adjusting project-related factors affecting effort (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation might adjusting the project scope be necessary?

<p>When adjusting project-related factors does not bring the expected effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a consequence of a discrepancy between targets and realistic estimates in a project?

<p>A death march project (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might targets need to be adjusted in a project?

<p>When the project scope is fixed by a customer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential impact of adjusting the project scope on estimation in a project?

<p>It requires repeating the estimation process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does DeMarco suggest using estimates in projects?

<p>To adjust project characteristics affecting effort (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When would adjusting a project not be possible?

<p>When the project scope is fixed by a customer and not open to negotiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does PMI recommend for projects considered very risky?

<p>An iterative alignment of both targets and estimates, subject to potential adjustments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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