28 Questions
What is the main objective of software effort estimation?
To create internal project targets
How does traditional estimation consider effort?
As a single value
What is the recommended use for estimates in bidding processes?
As a basis for bidding processes
How are range estimates proposed to represent effort?
As a range and/or distribution of possible effort values
What should not be done with estimates in software effort estimation?
Provide them to customers as bids
How does the estimation objective relate to project activities?
By providing an approximation of the resources needed
What does DeMarco suggest about using estimates in projects?
Estimates should be defined as the predictions with the highest probability of becoming true
How does traditional estimation consider the estimate?
As a single value
What does PMI recommend for projects considered very risky?
Explicit inclusion of contingency and management reserves
What is the alternative proposed for representing estimation uncertainty?
Using a range and/or distribution of possible effort values
In project management, what does scope refer to according to PMI (2013)?
The features and functions that characterize the product, service, or result
How is project scope indirectly reduced in software engineering?
By not performing specific quality assurance activities
What does the term 'project target' refer to in the context of internal project planning?
The estimated resources needed to complete project activities
In project management, what are the contingency reserves referred to in the text?
Resources used at the discretion of the project manager to deal with known unknown events
What is the purpose of including contingency reserves in a project target?
To plan for rare events that are not included in the project plan
How should project managers adjust project plans in anticipation of possible risks?
By evaluating the impact of risks on effort and adjusting plans appropriately
What should project managers be cautious of regarding risks in both estimation and project planning?
Double-counting risks by considering them in both estimation and project planning
What is the purpose of having room for unforeseen events in a realistic project plan?
To anticipate and accommodate potential risks and uncertainties
What is the purpose of assigning contingency reserves to identified risks during project planning?
To ensure that the identified risks have resources available in case they occur
What should be the first step when asked for estimates, especially if project targets have already been defined?
Align the estimates with the predefined targets
What does adjusting estimates in project estimation involve?
Adjusting project-related factors affecting effort
In what situation might adjusting the project scope be necessary?
When adjusting project-related factors does not bring the expected effect
What could be a consequence of a discrepancy between targets and realistic estimates in a project?
A death march project
When might targets need to be adjusted in a project?
When the project scope is fixed by a customer
What is the potential impact of adjusting the project scope on estimation in a project?
It requires repeating the estimation process
In what way does DeMarco suggest using estimates in projects?
To adjust project characteristics affecting effort
When would adjusting a project not be possible?
When the project scope is fixed by a customer and not open to negotiation
What does PMI recommend for projects considered very risky?
An iterative alignment of both targets and estimates, subject to potential adjustments
Learn about the basic terminology of software effort estimation, project planning, and bidding, and understand the differences between these processes and their objectives. Get insights on how to use estimates as a basis for creating internal project targets.
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