Software Effort Estimation and Project Planning
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Questions and Answers

What is the main objective of software effort estimation?

  • To provide a range of possible effort values
  • To create internal project targets (correct)
  • To deliver outputs of specified characteristics
  • To account for estimation uncertainty

    • How does traditional estimation consider effort?

  • As a distribution of effort values
  • As a single value (correct)
  • As a function of project risks
  • As a range of possible values

    • What is the recommended use for estimates in bidding processes?

  • As a basis for bidding processes (correct)
  • To account for estimation uncertainty
  • To provide a range of possible effort values
  • As a basis for creating internal project targets

    • How are range estimates proposed to represent effort?

    <p>As a range and/or distribution of possible effort values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should not be done with estimates in software effort estimation?

    <p>Provide them to customers as bids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the estimation objective relate to project activities?

    <p>By providing an approximation of the resources needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does DeMarco suggest about using estimates in projects?

    <p>Estimates should be defined as the predictions with the highest probability of becoming true</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does traditional estimation consider the estimate?

    <p>As a single value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PMI recommend for projects considered very risky?

    <p>Explicit inclusion of contingency and management reserves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the alternative proposed for representing estimation uncertainty?

    <p>Using a range and/or distribution of possible effort values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In project management, what does scope refer to according to PMI (2013)?

    <p>The features and functions that characterize the product, service, or result</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is project scope indirectly reduced in software engineering?

    <p>By not performing specific quality assurance activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'project target' refer to in the context of internal project planning?

    <p>The estimated resources needed to complete project activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In project management, what are the contingency reserves referred to in the text?

    <p>Resources used at the discretion of the project manager to deal with known unknown events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of including contingency reserves in a project target?

    <p>To plan for rare events that are not included in the project plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should project managers adjust project plans in anticipation of possible risks?

    <p>By evaluating the impact of risks on effort and adjusting plans appropriately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should project managers be cautious of regarding risks in both estimation and project planning?

    <p>Double-counting risks by considering them in both estimation and project planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of having room for unforeseen events in a realistic project plan?

    <p>To anticipate and accommodate potential risks and uncertainties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assigning contingency reserves to identified risks during project planning?

    <p>To ensure that the identified risks have resources available in case they occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the first step when asked for estimates, especially if project targets have already been defined?

    <p>Align the estimates with the predefined targets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does adjusting estimates in project estimation involve?

    <p>Adjusting project-related factors affecting effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation might adjusting the project scope be necessary?

    <p>When adjusting project-related factors does not bring the expected effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a consequence of a discrepancy between targets and realistic estimates in a project?

    <p>A death march project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might targets need to be adjusted in a project?

    <p>When the project scope is fixed by a customer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential impact of adjusting the project scope on estimation in a project?

    <p>It requires repeating the estimation process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does DeMarco suggest using estimates in projects?

    <p>To adjust project characteristics affecting effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When would adjusting a project not be possible?

    <p>When the project scope is fixed by a customer and not open to negotiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PMI recommend for projects considered very risky?

    <p>An iterative alignment of both targets and estimates, subject to potential adjustments</p> Signup and view all the answers

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