Questions and Answers
What type of analytics focuses on analyzing past data to understand what happened?
Descriptive Analytics
Which technology is primarily concerned with ensuring that a system maintains its own evolution processes?
Artificial Intelligence
What is the average effective global activity rate in an evolving system over the lifetime of a product called?
Organizational Stability
Which technology among the emerging ones involves the use of sensors implanted on the skin for various applications?
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In machine learning, what category involves learning from provided input-output pairs to predict future outputs?
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What technology is primarily associated with multi-loop, multi-level feedback systems?
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What is the primary difference between software and hardware?
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Which category does Google Chrome fall under based on the provided text?
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What is the concept of Conservation of Familiarity in software evolution?
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Which term describes the idea that a software system must continue to adjust to real-world changes?
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What is the main goal of System Update in software evolution?
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In the context of software evolution, what does Continuing Growth refer to?
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What is the focus of Object-oriented analysis?
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Which type of model represents the functional elements of the system?
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What is the purpose of Behavioral Models in software development?
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Which element is NOT part of the Analysis Model mentioned in the text?
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What are the three primary objectives of models mentioned in the text?
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What does Structured Analysis consider as separate entities?
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Study Notes
Software Overview
- Software is capable of performing many tasks, unlike hardware which can only perform mechanical tasks it is designed for.
- Examples of software include Google Chrome, Skype, CCleaner, VLC, Adobe Reader, Firefox, etc.
Software Evolution
- Software evolution is the process of developing a software product using software engineering principles and methods.
- It starts from the requirement gathering process.
- 8 Laws for Software Evolution:
- Continuing Change: a software system must continue to adapt to real-world changes.
- Increasing Complexity: a software system evolves.
- Conservation of Familiarity: familiarity with the software or the knowledge of how it was developed must be retained at any cost.
- Continuing Growth: in order for a system intended to resolve some business problems, the changes grow according to the lifestyle changes of the business.
- Feedback Systems: constitute multi-loop, multi-level feedback systems.
- Self-regulation: system evolution processes are self-regulating.
- Organization Stability: average effective global activity rate in an evolving system is invariant over the lifetime of the product.
- Reducing Quality: declines in quality unless rigorously maintained and adapted to a changing operating environment.
Software Categories
- System Software: helps run the computer hardware and computer system.
- Application Software: allows users to accomplish one or more tasks. Examples include Microsoft Office, LibreOffice, Photoshop, Window Player, Skype, etc.
- Programming Software: a set of tools to aid developers in writing programs.
Modelling Requirements Analysis
- Requirements Modelling Approaches include:
- Structured analysis: considers data and the processes that transform the data as separate entities.
- Object-oriented analysis: focuses on the definition of classes and the manner in which they collaborate to effect customer requirements.
- Types of Models:
- Scenario-based Models: requirements from the point of view of various system actors.
- Data Models: depict the information domain for the problem.
- Class-oriented models: represent object-oriented classes (attributes and operation) and the manner in which classes collaborate to achieve system requirements.
- Flow-oriented Models: represent the functional elements of the system.
- Behavioral Models: depict how the software behaves as a consequence of external events.
Emerging Technologies
- Artificial intelligence
- Automation
- Robotization
- 3-D Printing
- Cryptocurrencies
- IoT (Internet of Things)
- Voice Recognition
- Autonomous Vehicles
- Drones
- Bonus List:
- Wearables and Implemented Technology (Heart Monitoring, Monitoring Parkinson’s, Smart Tattoos, Dermally-Implanted Sensors)
- Real-time language translators
- Home Automation (Remote Control, Energy Efficiency)
- Natural-Language processing
- Integrated Sensors
- Virtual reality
- Augmented Reality
- Mesh Networks
- Big data analytics (Descriptive Analytics, Diagnostic Analytics, Predictive Analytics, Prescriptive Analytics)
- Mobile money
- Solar Power
- Electric Vehicles
- Next-generation batteries
- Machine Learning (Supervised, Unsupervised, Semi-supervised)
- Blockchain
- Quantum Computing
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