System Software Evolution and Distributed Services

The primary stages are single CPU operating systems, parallel machines, and distributed systems.

Object technology contributes through concepts like inheritance and reuse, facilitating multi-level structuring.

EJB serves to bundle multiple Java objects as reusable components, enhancing scalability and maintainability.

<p>Users perceive enterprises as unified entities, while the internal complexity involves numerous interconnected systems and divisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mergers lead to increased complexity due to the integration of multiple systems and processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supply chain models facilitate collaboration among enterprises to fulfill service requests effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional operating systems are insufficient for managing the complexity and scale of modern distributed services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inter-enterprise interactions can enhance services by integrating offerings from multiple companies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ensuring different systems can work together smoothly and aligning interfaces during integration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scalability allows enterprises to handle increasing workloads and adapt to expansion as demands grow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Object technology promotes modular design and reuse, simplifying updates and reducing complexity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enterprises must regularly adapt to technological changes, market demands, and mergers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resource competition and the need for coordination among multiple enterprises can create complex challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atomicity ensures that transactions are completed fully or not at all to prevent data inconsistencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concurrency management is essential to handle multiple simultaneous operations without conflicts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to inefficiencies, redundancy, and increased maintenance effort across similar services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many services feature common functionalities such as a shopping cart or booking system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They introduce challenges related to compatibility and communication that must be effectively managed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintenance costs can rise significantly due to the complexity of integrated systems and ongoing updates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>OOP allows for creating modular, reusable components that simplify scaling as user demands increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synchronization ensures data consistency and accurate communication among different systems during transactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps stakeholders recognize the internal challenges and external perceptions involved in enterprise operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reusable object-oriented components enhance development efficiency and reduce redundancy by allowing developers to use existing solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presentation layer manages the user interface and user experience by rendering screens, generating pages, and handling user interactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ACID properties ensure that transactions are atomic, consistent, isolated, and durable, preventing the system from being left in an inconsistent state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Caching involves temporarily storing frequently accessed data for quicker retrieval, which reduces database load and improves application performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Optimize data retrieval and caching mechanisms, and minimize unnecessary data transfers between layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Service clustering groups related services to improve performance and availability, especially under increased load.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Embarrassingly parallel applications consist of tasks that can be executed simultaneously with little to no dependency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concurrency control allows efficient handling of multiple requests simultaneously, improving application throughput.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Security is crucial in e-commerce to protect sensitive data, build user trust, and ensure data confidentiality and integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large-scale applications often struggle with concurrency, synchronization, and efficient resource management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Durability ensures that once a transaction is committed, it remains so, which protects against data loss in case of failures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Object technology facilitates the reuse of components, which streamlines development processes and enhances the scalability of applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The business logic layer manages specific domain rules and logic, determining how services are provided according to business policies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exploiting parallelism reduces response times and improves resource utilization by allowing multiple tasks to be processed simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It introduces network latency due to additional network communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Local interfaces improve performance by allowing co-location of components to reduce network overhead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The session facade keeps business logic secured within the EJB container, preventing exposure to external access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entity beans allow session facades to issue parallel requests, enhancing concurrency for data access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It offers minimal container services, which can limit concurrency compared to other designs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EJB's evolution supports scalable, secure, and efficient n-tier applications by managing cross-cutting concerns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Security is a cross-cutting concern that EJB manages, protecting application components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shifts business logic exposure to the web container while increasing concurrency capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to combining the security of secured business logic with the concurrency benefits of parallel data access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Design choices affect performance, maintainability, scalability, and security of applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Load balancers are used to distribute requests evenly across servers to handle simultaneous user requests efficiently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clustering computations groups similar tasks to optimize processing and reduce redundant calculations across requests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three types of reusable components are code libraries, services, and frameworks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A modular design allows for interchangeable parts, making applications easier to develop, maintain, and scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An N-Tier application is structured into layers that separate concerns, improving manageability and scalability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four main types of containers in JEE are Client Container, Applet Container, Web Container, and Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) Container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stateful Session Beans maintain a conversational state with a specific client, while Stateless Session Beans do not keep any state between method calls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The EJB Container manages Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs) and provides essential services like transaction management and concurrency control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bean-managed persistence (BMP) allows the bean to handle its own persistence logic, giving developers more control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fine-grained beans encapsulate small pieces of functionality, enhancing concurrency and allowing for more parallel processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two strategies are implementing thread pools to manage execution and optimizing resource access to prevent bottlenecks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Documentation and standardization ensure clear reuse paths for developers and promote uniform behavior across the application.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Message-driven beans handle asynchronous messages, acting as listeners for messaging systems and processing messages independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reusable components reduce development time, ensure consistency, and simplify maintenance by allowing updates from a single place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fine-grained beans lead to increased complexity in business logic and higher overhead in managing numerous beans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coarse-grained beans encapsulate a larger set of functionalities; an advantage is simplified business logic, while a disadvantage is reduced concurrency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fine-grained beans offer higher concurrency at the cost of complexity, while coarse-grained beans simplify logic but limit concurrency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The EJB container manages the lifecycle of session beans and coordinates access during concurrent sessions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key design decisions include determining bean granularity and balancing business logic complexity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximizing component reuse means leveraging existing beans to accelerate development and standardizing components for application consistency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One benefit is enhanced security as business logic remains protected within the corporate network; a drawback is limited concurrency resembling a monolithic structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The business logic's location is significant because confining it within the corporate network enhances security by preventing external exposure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lost opportunities include the inability to leverage parallelism for data access and processing, which can hinder performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary services needed by an EJB container include coordinating conflicts from concurrent data access and managing security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Better performance can be achieved through enhanced concurrency in multi-threaded environments with fine-grained beans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Effective container utilization ensures that beans are deployed in appropriate environments, enhancing functionality and performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fundamental trade-off is between achieving higher concurrency with fine-grained beans and maintaining simpler business logic with coarse-grained beans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One challenge is increased complexity in business logic that arises from coordinating numerous small components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To mitigate the lack of parallelism in database access and improve performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The web container processes client requests and makes parallel data retrieval requests to entity beans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entity beans represent units of data in the database and facilitate parallel access for data retrieval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bean-Managed Persistence (BMP) and Container-Managed Persistence (CMP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It exposes business logic to external networks, increasing security risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It affects development effort, control over persistence logic, and reusability across applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It keeps business logic within the EJB container, enhancing security while maintaining parallel access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Session Facade manages associated business logic and orchestrates data access requests to entity beans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They enhance concurrency, reduce latency, and allow efficient resource utilization across client requests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fine-grained beans allow for more precise concurrency, while coarse-grained beans may reduce complexity but limit parallelism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entity beans can process similar data requests from multiple clients simultaneously, clustering requests improves efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RMI incurs network communication overhead, potentially affecting performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three-tier structure includes servlets, presentation logic, and business logic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to issues like race conditions and data inconsistencies, requiring careful design.</p> Signup and view all the answers