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Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of the requirements phase in software development?
What is the main purpose of the requirements phase in software development?
Which statement best describes functional requirements?
Which statement best describes functional requirements?
What is the primary goal of creating prototypes before application development?
What is the primary goal of creating prototypes before application development?
In software design, which considerations are important to address?
In software design, which considerations are important to address?
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What is the significance of version control during the coding phase?
What is the significance of version control during the coding phase?
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What is a primary benefit of using a version control system?
What is a primary benefit of using a version control system?
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What often complicates the requirements gathering process with clients?
What often complicates the requirements gathering process with clients?
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Which command is used to add a specific file to the current version in Git?
Which command is used to add a specific file to the current version in Git?
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Why is it important to conduct regular review meetings during development?
Why is it important to conduct regular review meetings during development?
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Which of the following is a non-functional requirement?
Which of the following is a non-functional requirement?
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What is a primary focus of the coding phase in software development?
What is a primary focus of the coding phase in software development?
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What does the command 'git push' accomplish in Git?
What does the command 'git push' accomplish in Git?
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Which command would you use to view the differences between current files and the last commit in Git?
Which command would you use to view the differences between current files and the last commit in Git?
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When should appropriate comments be added by developers?
When should appropriate comments be added by developers?
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What command can create a new version in Git with a specific message?
What command can create a new version in Git with a specific message?
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Which of the following is NOT a version control system mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a version control system mentioned?
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What is the primary purpose of unit testing?
What is the primary purpose of unit testing?
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Which statement best describes Test Driven Development (TDD)?
Which statement best describes Test Driven Development (TDD)?
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What does integration testing primarily assess?
What does integration testing primarily assess?
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What is one of the roles of maintenance in software development?
What is one of the roles of maintenance in software development?
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What is Selenium primarily used for?
What is Selenium primarily used for?
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What is a feature of the Agile methodology?
What is a feature of the Agile methodology?
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What action does the command 'git reset --hard 79f0fa3' perform?
What action does the command 'git reset --hard 79f0fa3' perform?
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What is the characteristic of unit tests in relation to code length?
What is the characteristic of unit tests in relation to code length?
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Study Notes
Software Engineering Lecture #12
- Software development is divided into phases: Requirements, Design, Coding (Implementation), Testing, and Maintenance.
- Requirements define what the software should do.
- Design outlines the software's components and how they interact.
- Coding (Implementation) translates the design into code that instructs the computer.
- Testing verifies if components meet requirements and the entire system functions correctly.
- Maintenance involves adding features and fixing bugs after development is complete.
Requirements Phase
- Goal: Understand user needs.
- Methods: Speak with the client, understand necessary hardware and software, and document everything.
- Problems: Clients may not clearly state their needs, or use different terminology.
- Solutions: Document everything, including prototypes, to ensure mutual understanding.
Functional and Non-Functional Requirements
-
Functional requirements: Define the behavior or what the system should do.
- Example: A system should send an email when an order is placed.
-
Non-functional requirements: Specify constraints on how the system should function.
- Example: Emails should be sent within 12 hours.
Prototyping
- Developers create prototypes before beginning the complete application development.
- Prototypes help understand the product functionality and how it will work.
Software Design
- Design is about how the program's components will be created and interact.
- Critical questions to answer during this phase: Operating System, Libraries/frameworks, and Classes.
Coding Phase
- Focus: Coding, using version control, and appropriate comments.
- Key points:
- Version control is crucial.
- Developers should define coding standards and comments.
- Regular review meetings improve code quality and identify potential errors early.
Version Control Systems
- Version control systems maintain the history of files and allow reverting to previous versions.
- Example systems include Git, SVN, and Mercury.
Git
- Git is a version control system.
- It creates snapshots of files (versions) locally.
- Versions can be uploaded to a repository (like GitHub).
- Important Git commands:
-
git clone
: copies a repository. -git add
,git add .
,git add *.txt
: adds files and /or all files to the repository. -git rm
: removes files from the repository. -git commit -m "message"
: saves changes in the repository with an accompanying message. -git push
: uploads changes to the remote repository. -git pull
: downloads changes and files from a remote repository.
Git examples
-
git config -global user.email "[email address]"
sets the user's email address. -
git init [repository name]
initializes a local repository. -
git add file
: adds a file to the staging area. -
git commit -m "[description]"
saves changes to the repository. -
git remote add origin [link]
sets up a remote repository. -
git push -u origin master
pushes changes to the remote repository.
Git commands
-
git diff
: Shows differences between files. -
git log --oneline
: Displays a list of commits. -
git checkout fc53bcd
: Checks out a specific commit. -
git checkout master
: returns to the current version. -
git reset --hard 79f0fa3
: goes back to an older commit.
Testing
- Testing is checking the program for errors.
- Testing is now often automated.
- Testers write tests and the tests are a crucial part of software development
History of Software Testing
- In the past, testing was often done manually and not prioritized as critically.
- Now, testing is done more frequently and is often automated to catch and find errors more early.
Unit Testing vs. Integration Testing
- Unit testing: Checks individual components.
- Integration testing: Checks how different components work together.
TDD (Test-Driven Development)
- Write tests before writing the actual code.
- Write enough just to pass the tests.
- Refactor to improve code quality and solve issues.
Selenium
- Selenium is software used for testing user interfaces.
- Allows for automated browser manipulations to check various functionality of the application.
Unit Tests(Java)
- Example setup of a unit test demonstrating adding two numbers.
Maintenance
- Maintaining software (application) includes adding new features and fixing bugs.
Waterfall vs Agile
- Waterfall model: A sequential software development model, where each phase must be completed before moving to the next.
- Agile model: An iterative software development model.
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Description
This quiz covers the phases of software development, including Requirements, Design, Coding, Testing, and Maintenance. It delves into understanding user needs, defining functional and non-functional requirements, and addressing common issues faced during the requirements phase. Test your knowledge on how these phases interrelate to create successful software.