Software Engineering Lecture #12
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What is the main purpose of the requirements phase in software development?

  • Determine how the software will be coded
  • Create prototypes for visual representation
  • Analyze user experience and interface designs
  • Define what the software should accomplish (correct)
  • Which statement best describes functional requirements?

  • They outline the hardware and software specifications needed.
  • They specify how the software should operate.
  • They focus on the performance characteristics of the system.
  • They describe what the software system must do. (correct)
  • What is the primary goal of creating prototypes before application development?

  • To reduce the need for coding
  • To obtain user feedback on interface designs
  • To finalize the software design
  • To clarify what should be done and how it will work (correct)
  • In software design, which considerations are important to address?

    <p>How server and client systems will interact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of version control during the coding phase?

    <p>To keep track of changes made in the code over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of using a version control system?

    <p>It remembers the history of your files.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What often complicates the requirements gathering process with clients?

    <p>Differences in terminology and understanding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to add a specific file to the current version in Git?

    <p>git add filename.txt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to conduct regular review meetings during development?

    <p>To identify prospective defects early.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a non-functional requirement?

    <p>The system should support at least 100 concurrent users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of the coding phase in software development?

    <p>Ensuring the software adheres to design specifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the command 'git push' accomplish in Git?

    <p>It sends data to the master repository.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command would you use to view the differences between current files and the last commit in Git?

    <p>git diff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should appropriate comments be added by developers?

    <p>Throughout the coding process for clarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command can create a new version in Git with a specific message?

    <p>git commit -m 'My first version'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a version control system mentioned?

    <p>Trello</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of unit testing?

    <p>To check if a small piece of code is performing its intended function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes Test Driven Development (TDD)?

    <p>Tests are written before the actual code is implemented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does integration testing primarily assess?

    <p>The interaction between different modules of an application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles of maintenance in software development?

    <p>To add new functionalities and fix bugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Selenium primarily used for?

    <p>To test user interfaces through automated actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of the Agile methodology?

    <p>Emphasizing adaptability and customer collaboration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does the command 'git reset --hard 79f0fa3' perform?

    <p>It discards all changes in the current working directory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of unit tests in relation to code length?

    <p>They typically target short, specific pieces of code</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Software Engineering Lecture #12

    • Software development is divided into phases: Requirements, Design, Coding (Implementation), Testing, and Maintenance.
    • Requirements define what the software should do.
    • Design outlines the software's components and how they interact.
    • Coding (Implementation) translates the design into code that instructs the computer.
    • Testing verifies if components meet requirements and the entire system functions correctly.
    • Maintenance involves adding features and fixing bugs after development is complete.

    Requirements Phase

    • Goal: Understand user needs.
    • Methods: Speak with the client, understand necessary hardware and software, and document everything.
    • Problems: Clients may not clearly state their needs, or use different terminology.
    • Solutions: Document everything, including prototypes, to ensure mutual understanding.

    Functional and Non-Functional Requirements

    • Functional requirements: Define the behavior or what the system should do.
      • Example: A system should send an email when an order is placed.
    • Non-functional requirements: Specify constraints on how the system should function.
      • Example: Emails should be sent within 12 hours.

    Prototyping

    • Developers create prototypes before beginning the complete application development.
    • Prototypes help understand the product functionality and how it will work.

    Software Design

    • Design is about how the program's components will be created and interact.
    • Critical questions to answer during this phase: Operating System, Libraries/frameworks, and Classes.

    Coding Phase

    • Focus: Coding, using version control, and appropriate comments.
    • Key points:
      • Version control is crucial.
      • Developers should define coding standards and comments.
      • Regular review meetings improve code quality and identify potential errors early.

    Version Control Systems

    • Version control systems maintain the history of files and allow reverting to previous versions.
    • Example systems include Git, SVN, and Mercury.

    Git

    • Git is a version control system.
    • It creates snapshots of files (versions) locally.
    • Versions can be uploaded to a repository (like GitHub).
    • Important Git commands: - git clone: copies a repository. - git add, git add ., git add *.txt: adds files and /or all files to the repository. - git rm: removes files from the repository. - git commit -m "message": saves changes in the repository with an accompanying message. - git push : uploads changes to the remote repository. - git pull : downloads changes and files from a remote repository.

    Git examples

    • git config -global user.email "[email address]" sets the user's email address.
    • git init [repository name] initializes a local repository.
    • git add file: adds a file to the staging area.
    • git commit -m "[description]" saves changes to the repository.
    • git remote add origin [link] sets up a remote repository.
    • git push -u origin master pushes changes to the remote repository.

    Git commands

    • git diff: Shows differences between files.
    • git log --oneline: Displays a list of commits.
    • git checkout fc53bcd: Checks out a specific commit.
    • git checkout master: returns to the current version.
    • git reset --hard 79f0fa3: goes back to an older commit.

    Testing

    • Testing is checking the program for errors.
    • Testing is now often automated.
    • Testers write tests and the tests are a crucial part of software development

    History of Software Testing

    • In the past, testing was often done manually and not prioritized as critically.
    • Now, testing is done more frequently and is often automated to catch and find errors more early.

    Unit Testing vs. Integration Testing

    • Unit testing: Checks individual components.
    • Integration testing: Checks how different components work together.

    TDD (Test-Driven Development)

    • Write tests before writing the actual code.
    • Write enough just to pass the tests.
    • Refactor to improve code quality and solve issues.

    Selenium

    • Selenium is software used for testing user interfaces.
    • Allows for automated browser manipulations to check various functionality of the application.

    Unit Tests(Java)

    • Example setup of a unit test demonstrating adding two numbers.

    Maintenance

    • Maintaining software (application) includes adding new features and fixing bugs.

    Waterfall vs Agile

    • Waterfall model: A sequential software development model, where each phase must be completed before moving to the next.
    • Agile model: An iterative software development model.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the phases of software development, including Requirements, Design, Coding, Testing, and Maintenance. It delves into understanding user needs, defining functional and non-functional requirements, and addressing common issues faced during the requirements phase. Test your knowledge on how these phases interrelate to create successful software.

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