Software Development Design Phase
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Questions and Answers

What is the main goal of the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)?

  • To design classes with only one responsibility and reason to change (correct)
  • To encourage classes to be as large and comprehensive as possible
  • To prevent the use of interfaces in class design
  • To ensure classes have multiple methods to achieve flexibility

    • Which principle states that classes should depend on abstract classes or interfaces?

  • Open/Closed Principle
  • Single Responsibility Principle
  • Interface Segregation Principle
  • Dependency Inversion Principle (correct)

    • What result is NOT typically achieved by following software design principles?

  • Improved readability and maintainability
  • Reduction of accidental errors
  • Enhanced software testing processes
  • Increased complexity of source code (correct)

    • Why should classes with multiple responsibilities be broken down according to SRP?

    <p>To make the class easier to test and maintain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a violation of the Single Responsibility Principle?

    <p>A class that handles both user interface and data storage responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of bad design architecture that leads to challenges in applying changes?

    <p>Rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle suggests that a software module should have only one reason to change?

    <p>Single Responsibility Principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the SOLID principles, what does the Open-Closed Principle advocate for?

    <p>Classes should be closed for modification but open for extension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does fragility in software architecture impact its adaptability to change?

    <p>It leads to the software breaking unexpectedly when changes are made.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Liskov Substitution Principle ensure in object-oriented design?

    <p>Derived classes should be interchangeable with their base classes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Software Development and Design Phase

    • Software designing and development occurs during the design phase of a project.
    • Changes to the requirements document may arise, leading to modifications in source codes.
    • Poor software architecture complicates the implementation of changes.

    Characteristics of Bad Design Architecture

    • Rigidity: Difficulty in modifying software; changes impact multiple parts.
    • Fragility: Changes cause unexpected failures in unrelated software components.
    • Immobility: Software modules lack reusability; hard to extract for other projects.

    Principles of Good Design Architecture

    • Design principles guide the arrangement of methods and data in classes to accommodate changes with minimal code rewrites.

    SOLID Principles

    • A set of five design principles defined for easier software maintenance and adaptability to changing requirements.

    S: Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)

    • Each module/class should have one reason to change, aligning with user needs.
    • Classes with multiple responsibilities should be decomposed into smaller classes.

    O: Open-Closed Principle (OCP)

    • Software classes should be designed to allow behavior changes through new code, avoiding modifications to existing code.

    L: Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)

    • Derived classes must be substitutable for their base classes, promoting interchangeable components.

    I: Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)

    • Designers should avoid depending on unnecessary components, promoting focused interfaces.

    D: Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)

    • Classes should rely on abstractions (interfaces) rather than concrete implementations, enhancing flexibility.

    Benefits of Following SOLID Principles

    • Reduces source code complexity.
    • Enhances readability, extensibility, and ease of maintenance.
    • Minimizes accidental errors and supports reusability.
    • Facilitates better software testing.

    Example of Violating SRP

    • An Employee class in a payroll system illustrates SRP violation by having multiple responsibilities:
      • calculatePay() for accounting personnel.
      • reportHours() for HR personnel.
      • saveEmployee() for the database administrator.
    • This design leads to confusion and maintenance challenges due to mixed responsibilities.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the design phase of software development, highlighting the importance of adapting to changes in requirements. It covers the impact of poor software architecture on the development process and the necessary adjustments to source code. Test your understanding of these critical concepts in software engineering.

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