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Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of a design pattern in software development?
Which of the following is NOT a classification of design patterns?
What does the Singleton pattern ensure?
Which design pattern allows subclasses to decide which class to instantiate?
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What is Lazy Initialization in design patterns?
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What does the Object Pool pattern help to avoid?
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Which pattern provides an interface for creating families of related objects?
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Which of the following best describes behavioral patterns?
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What is the primary purpose of the Adapter pattern?
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Which pattern is designed to facilitate loose coupling among objects?
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What functionality does the Observer pattern provide?
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Which pattern focuses on executing methods asynchronously?
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What is a primary feature of the Façade pattern?
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In which pattern is a Read-Write Lock primarily used?
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What does the Command pattern accomplish?
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Which pattern allows dynamic attachment of responsibilities to an object?
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Which of the following is NOT an example of a concurrency pattern?
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What is the primary purpose of the Adapter pattern in structural design?
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Which behavioral pattern allows an object to change its behavior when its internal state changes?
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In the context of creational patterns, which pattern is used to create objects without specifying the exact class of the object that will be created?
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Which of the following patterns is used to separate the concerns of one part of a system from another?
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What does the Decorator pattern primarily provide in the realm of structural patterns?
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Which pattern uses a central mediator to handle communications between different components or services?
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What is a key characteristic of the Observer pattern?
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Which pattern provides a way to create a single instance of a class throughout the application?
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Study Notes
Patterns
- Patterns are general reusable solutions in software design.
- They are templates for solving problems that can be used in many different situations.
- They are interfaces which can have different implementations.
- Not all software patterns are design patterns. Design patterns specifically deal with problems at the level of software design.
- Algorithms of solving a problem are not part of the design pattern – they belong to the implementation detail / computing pattern.
Design Patterns
- Creational Patterns: Provide an interface for creating families of objects without specifying their concrete classes.
- Structural Patterns: Used to compose objects into larger structures.
- Behavioral Patterns: Used to describe how objects interact with each other.
- Concurrency Patterns: Designed to deal with concurrency issues in software systems.
Creational Patterns
- Abstract factory: Provide an interface for creating families of objects without specifying their concrete classes.
- Factory method: Define an interface for creating an object, but let subclasses decide which class to instantiate. Factory method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses.
- Lazy initialization: Tactic of delaying the creation of an object, the calculation of a value, or some other expensive process until the first time it is needed.
- Object pool: Avoid expensive acquisition and release of resources by recycling objects that are no longer in use.
- Singleton: Ensure a class only has one instance, and provide a global point of access to it.
- Utility: A class with a private constructor that contains static methods only.
Structural Patterns
- Adapter: Convert the interface of a class into another interface that clients expect.
- Decorator: Attach additional responsibilities to an object dynamically. Decorators provide a flexible alternative to sub-classing for extending functionality.
- Façade: Provide a unified interface to a set of interfaces in a subsystem. Façade defines a higher-level interface that makes the subsystem easier to use.
- Proxy: Provide a surrogate or placeholder for another object to control the access to it.
Behavioral Patterns
- Command: Encapsulate a request as an object, thereby letting you parameterize clients with different requests.
- Iterator: Provide a way to access the elements of an aggregate object sequentially without exposing its underlying representation.
- Mediator: Define an object that encapsulates how a set of objects interact. Mediator promotes loose coupling by keeping objects from referring to each other explicitly, and lets you vary their interaction independently.
- State: Allow an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes.
- Observer: Define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically.
Concurrency Patterns
- Active Object: Decouples method execution from method invocation. The goal is to introduce concurrency, by using asynchronous method invocation and a scheduler for handling requests.
- Monitor: Synchronizes two or more tasks that use a shared resource.
- Read-Write Lock: Allows concurrent read access to an object, but requires exclusive access for read-write and write-write operations.
- Reactor: A concurrent programming pattern for handling service requests delivered concurrently to a service handler by one or more inputs. The service handler then de-multiplexes the incoming requests and dispatches them synchronously to the associated request handlers.
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Description
Explore the various software design patterns including their types such as creational, structural, behavioral, and concurrency patterns. This quiz covers fundamental concepts and specifics of design patterns as reusable solutions in software development. Test your understanding of how these patterns facilitate problem-solving in programming.
