Software Classification Overview

Introduction to Software

• Software is a collection of computer programs, procedures, and documentation that instructs a computer on tasks.
• It can enter a computer as firmware, through secondary storage devices like CD-ROMs or hard drives, or via manual input using programming tools.
• The relationship between software and hardware is essential as software comprises programs while hardware consists of physical devices. Together, they enable computer functions.

Classification of Software

• Software can be categorized based on several criteria, including functionality and licensing.

Classification Based on Task

• System Software: Controls and manages computer operations and facilitates hardware capabilities.
• Application Software: Designed to perform specific tasks for users.

System Software Components

• Operating System: Essential software that coordinates hardware activities, enabling application programs to run. Examples include Windows, Linux, and macOS.
  • Functions of Operating Systems: Resource management, task scheduling, and hardware control.
• Utility Software: Assists in analysis, configuration, and maintenance of computer systems. Common utilities include antivirus programs, backup tools, data recovery, and disk management software.
• Programming Software: Tools like Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) facilitate the creation of other software.

Classification Based on Source

• Custom Software: Tailored specifically for a user or organization, catering to their unique requirements.
• Off-the-Shelf Software: Pre-made software available for general use, adhering to standard specifications but may not meet every user’s needs.

Classification Based on License

• Freeware: Software available for free with limited functionalities or for user convenience.
• Shareware: Software distributed initially for free but requires payment for continued use or additional features.
• Adware: Software that displays ads, often included with other programs.
• Nagware: Shareware that encourages users to purchase a license through persistent reminders.
• Liteware: A stripped-down version of software offering basic features to casual users.
• Vaporware: Software announced before being released, often delayed or abandoned.

Ways of Acquiring Software

• Purchase with a new computer, direct purchase from stores, downloading from websites, ordering from vendors, or illicit copying which constitutes software piracy and is illegal.

This quiz covers the various classifications of software, including distinctions based on task, source, and licensing. Participants will explore the categorization frameworks used in the software industry to understand how different types of software are organized. Test your knowledge on the criteria and implications of these classifications.