Software Classification Flashcards

Study Notes

Software Overview

Software consists of instructions called programs, executed by hardware.
Divided into two main categories: application software and system software.

System Software

Designed to control hardware and provide a platform for application software.
Includes four subcategories:
- Utility Programs: Specific tasks related to computer maintenance.
- Operating System (OS): Interface between hardware and user, executing complex tasks, and managing system updates.
- Language Translators: Convert human-readable code into machine code.
- Library Programs: Collections of routines for software development, enabling shared resources.

Operating System (OS)

Interfaces between hardware and user, presenting a virtual machine.
Hides hardware complexities and facilitates software-hardware communication.
Examples: Windows 10, iOS, macOS, Chrome OS.

Library Programs

Collections of routines that enhance software development.
Allow multiple software applications to share runtime libraries, improving efficiency in project development.
Examples: Frostbite engine utilized by games like Battlefield and Need for Speed.

Utility Programs

Perform specific tasks related to computer functionality.
Help analyze, configure, optimize, and maintain systems.
Examples include virus scanners, disk defragmenters, system monitors, and file managers.

Language Translators

Enable new programs to be written for computers, converting source code to machine code.
Types include:
- Assembler: Converts assembly code to machine code.
- Interpreter: Processes high-level languages (e.g., JavaScript) one line at a time.
- Compiler: Converts high-level code (e.g., C++) to machine code and object code all at once.

Application Software

Allows user interaction for specific tasks, like writing letters.
Subcategories include general purpose, special purpose, and bespoke software.

General Purpose Software

Can be used for various tasks and is not designed for a single function.
Examples: word processors, spreadsheets, databases, and presentation software.
Advantages: Cost-effective, readily available, tested for reliability, and supported by a community.

Special Purpose Software

Designed for one specific task only.
Examples: web browsers for internet surfing, music players for listening to music.

Bespoke Software

Custom-made software tailored for specific users and processes.
Example: military software for UAV operations.

Programming Languages

First Generation Language:
- Machine-level code, consisting of binary (0s and 1s).
- Directly inputted to the CPU without compilers or assemblers.
Second Generation Language:
- Easier to understand than first-generation, written in mnemonics.
- A low-level language used for speed and device control.
Third Generation Language:
- High-level, imperative languages executed in sequence, easier to program.
- Reduces code complexity and is platform-independent, featuring loops, conditionals, and classes.
Fourth Generation Language:
- Declarative languages that define what to do rather than how to do it.
- Designed to minimize development time. Examples include Prolog and SQL.

Description

Explore the essential concepts of software classification through these informative flashcards. Learn about application software, system software, and their various subcategories. Perfect for those studying computer science or software technology.