Questions and Answers
What is a two nibble word called?
Byte
How many bytes are in a Kilobyte (KB)?
1024 Bytes
Which type of memory allows the CPU to perform read/write operations directly?
RAM
How many Megabytes are in a Gigabyte (GB)?
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What is the unit for 1024 Terabytes (TB)?
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Which type of memory is typically non-volatile?
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What are the three main categories of software mentioned in the text?
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Which component is known as the brain of the computer system?
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Why is software necessary for a computer to function?
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What distinguishes RAM from ROM in a computer system?
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Which component acts as an interface between the user and the computer?
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What are the four physical components of a computer system mentioned in the text?
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What is the purpose of specially designed braille keyboards?
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What is the function of an output device in a computer system?
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Where is data entered temporarily stored in a computer system?
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Which type of printer is commonly used to get output in physical (hardcopy) form?
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What is the purpose of a braille display monitor?
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In which type of industries are 3D-printers commonly being used?
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What is the main function of system software?
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Which category of software includes operating systems and device drivers?
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What is the role of system utilities in a computer system?
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Which software is essential for other programs to work on a computer?
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In what way does application software differ from system software?
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Which type of software is directly responsible for knowing how to operate different hardware components?
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What is the main characteristic of customised software?
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Which of the following is an example of user-defined software?
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What distinguishes Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) from proprietary software?
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Which software type is Microsoft Windows classified as?
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What kind of software is Skype classified as?
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In what way are websites similar to customised software?
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Study Notes
Input Devices
- Specially designed braille keyboards are available to help the visually impaired enter data into a computer
- Data can be entered through voice, for example, using Google voice search to input search strings
- Data entered through input devices is temporarily stored in the main memory (RAM) of the computer system
Output Devices
- Output devices receive data from a computer system for display, physical production, etc.
- Examples of output devices include monitor, projector, headphone, speaker, and printer
- A braille display monitor is useful for visually challenged individuals to understand textual output generated by computers
- Printers are commonly used to get output in physical (hardcopy) form
- 3D-printers are used to build physical replicas of digital 3D designs, especially in manufacturing industries to create prototypes of products
Measurement Units for Digital Data
- A byte is an 8-bit word, for example, 01000110, 01111100, 10000001, etc.
- Bytes are grouped together to make larger units of measurement, including:
- KB (Kilobyte) - 1 KB = 1024 Bytes
- MB (Megabyte) - 1 MB = 1024 KB
- GB (Gigabyte) - 1 GB = 1024 MB
- TB (Terabyte) - 1 TB = 1024 GB
- PB (Petabyte) - 1 PB = 1024 TB
- EB (Exabyte) - 1 EB = 1024 PB
- ZB (Zettabyte) - 1 ZB = 1024 EB
- YB (Yottabyte) - 1 YB = 1024 ZB
Types of Memory
- Computers have two types of memories: primary memory and secondary memory
- Primary memory (RAM) is volatile, meaning its contents are lost when the power is turned off
- Primary memory is of two types: i) Random Access Memory (RAM) and ii) Read-Only Memory (ROM)
Software
- Software acts as an interface between human users and hardware
- Types of software include:
- System software
- Programming tools
- Application software
- System software, such as operating systems, provides basic functionality to operate a computer
- Software can be proprietary (purchased from vendors), free and open-source, or freeware
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