Podcast
Questions and Answers
In a microservices architecture, what is a key characteristic of each microservice's database?
In a microservices architecture, what is a key characteristic of each microservice's database?
- It is shared across all microservices to ensure data consistency.
- It is typically a NoSQL database for all microservices.
- It is managed by a central database administrator.
- It is dedicated to a single microservice, ensuring independence. (correct)
Which communication method is most commonly used by microservices to interact with each other?
Which communication method is most commonly used by microservices to interact with each other?
- Function calls
- Shared database tables
- Direct memory access
- REST APIs (correct)
What is the primary role of the microkernel in a microkernel architecture?
What is the primary role of the microkernel in a microkernel architecture?
- Providing a user interface for the entire system.
- Handling only essential tasks and system operations. (correct)
- Managing external API integrations.
- Managing all application-specific logic.
In a microkernel architecture, how do plug-ins typically communicate with the core system?
In a microkernel architecture, how do plug-ins typically communicate with the core system?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of event-driven architecture?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of event-driven architecture?
In event-driven architecture, what triggers the system flow?
In event-driven architecture, what triggers the system flow?
Which of the following applications would benefit most from an event-driven architecture?
Which of the following applications would benefit most from an event-driven architecture?
Which of the following is a benefit of microservices architecture that event-driven architecture helps to enhance?
Which of the following is a benefit of microservices architecture that event-driven architecture helps to enhance?
In a microkernel architecture, what is the primary function of the microkernel itself?
In a microkernel architecture, what is the primary function of the microkernel itself?
Which characteristic of microkernel architecture is most directly enhanced by running additional services in user space rather than kernel space?
Which characteristic of microkernel architecture is most directly enhanced by running additional services in user space rather than kernel space?
In a microkernel architecture, what is the role of plug-ins?
In a microkernel architecture, what is the role of plug-ins?
Consider a system using microkernel architecture. If a device driver plug-in crashes, what is the most likely outcome?
Consider a system using microkernel architecture. If a device driver plug-in crashes, what is the most likely outcome?
In the 'News Processor' example, what is the role of the Feed Reader plug-in?
In the 'News Processor' example, what is the role of the Feed Reader plug-in?
Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of microkernel architecture?
Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of microkernel architecture?
How does the separation of concerns in a microkernel architecture contribute to maintainability?
How does the separation of concerns in a microkernel architecture contribute to maintainability?
Which of the following scenarios would benefit MOST from a microkernel architecture?
Which of the following scenarios would benefit MOST from a microkernel architecture?
In a microservices architecture, what is the primary role of the API Gateway?
In a microservices architecture, what is the primary role of the API Gateway?
Which of the following characteristics is LEAST associated with a microservices architecture?
Which of the following characteristics is LEAST associated with a microservices architecture?
A development team chooses a microservices architecture for a new application. What is a likely benefit they expect to gain?
A development team chooses a microservices architecture for a new application. What is a likely benefit they expect to gain?
In a microservices environment, a web client needs to retrieve data that requires aggregation from multiple microservices. Which component is best suited to handle this aggregation?
In a microservices environment, a web client needs to retrieve data that requires aggregation from multiple microservices. Which component is best suited to handle this aggregation?
Which component in a microservices architecture is responsible for transforming and standardizing data formats between different microservices?
Which component in a microservices architecture is responsible for transforming and standardizing data formats between different microservices?
Consider a scenario where a new feature needs to be added to an e-commerce application built using microservices. Which approach aligns best with the principles of microservices architecture?
Consider a scenario where a new feature needs to be added to an e-commerce application built using microservices. Which approach aligns best with the principles of microservices architecture?
An organization is migrating from a monolithic application to a microservices architecture. What is a key consideration during this transition?
An organization is migrating from a monolithic application to a microservices architecture. What is a key consideration during this transition?
How does a microservices architecture contribute to technology flexibility within an organization?
How does a microservices architecture contribute to technology flexibility within an organization?
Flashcards
Microkernel Architecture
Microkernel Architecture
Core functionality is separated from other services.
Microkernel Core
Microkernel Core
Essential functions like IPC and memory management.
Microkernel Plug-ins
Microkernel Plug-ins
File systems, network protocols, device drivers, etc.
Microkernel Key Characteristics
Microkernel Key Characteristics
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Clients in Microkernel
Clients in Microkernel
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Core System (Microkernel)
Core System (Microkernel)
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Feed Reader (Plugin)
Feed Reader (Plugin)
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HTML Converter (Plugin)
HTML Converter (Plugin)
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HTML Crawler (Plugin)
HTML Crawler (Plugin)
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Web API (Plugin)
Web API (Plugin)
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Microservice Architecture
Microservice Architecture
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Key Characteristics of Microservices
Key Characteristics of Microservices
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Web Client
Web Client
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Mobile Client
Mobile Client
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API Gateway
API Gateway
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Microservices
Microservices
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Microservice Database
Microservice Database
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Microkernel Function
Microkernel Function
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Event-Driven Architecture
Event-Driven Architecture
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Event-Driven Processing
Event-Driven Processing
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Event-Driven Architecture: Key Characteristics
Event-Driven Architecture: Key Characteristics
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Event-Driven Architecture: Examples
Event-Driven Architecture: Examples
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Study Notes
- Lecture 6 is about software architecture and architectural styles, Part 2
- Software architecture characteristics play a key role in projects, influencing software requirements, available resources, and code organization
Microkernel Architecture
- This architecture is structured by separating the core functionality (microkernel) from additional services and functionalities
- Key characteristics include flexibility, reliability, interoperability, scalability, maintainability, and testability
- The core system (microkernel) provides essential functions like inter-process communication (IPC), memory management, and scheduling
- Additional services, such as file systems, device drivers, and networking, run as independent plug-in components in the user space, ensuring modularity, flexibility, and fault isolation
- The microkernel is the core component that provides essential services such as process scheduling, communication, and memory
- Plug-ins are additional operations that run separately, such as file systems, network protocols, and device drivers
- Clients are user-level processes that interact with the microkernel and plug-ins based on the client's request
Microkernel Example
- The core system (microkernel) manages communication between plug-ins, handles data flow, ensures modularity, and is responsible for fundamental operations like data processing and storage, also referred to as the news processor
- Plug-in components: Gather news from RSS or other feed sources (Feed Reader), extract data from web pages using web scraping techniques (HTML Crawler), and integrate with external services to fetch additional news (Web API)
- Data storage is facilitated by a database
Microservice Architecture
- This architecture is structured as independent, self-contained services that communicate via APIs
- Key characteristics include scalability, flexibility, deployability, testability, fault tolerance, and performance
- Microservices architecture structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services
- Each service runs independently, communicating via lightweight APIs for scalability, fault isolation, and technology flexibility
Microservice Example
- The Key components of Microservice are client apps, API gateway, microservices, and databases
- Client apps include a web client (browser-based interface) and a mobile client (mobile application)
- Both clients communicate with the API Gateway instead of directly accessing microservices
- API Gateway acts as the single entry point for client requests, routing them to the appropriate microservices, and handling authentication and load balancing
- Microservices (Independent Services) manage independent operations
- Each microservice has its own dedicated database
Microkernel vs Microservice
| Aspect | Microservices Architecture | Microkernel Architecture |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Divided into multiple independent services with APIs | Core functionality is separate from services that run as plug-ins |
| Component Independence | Self-contained with its database, deployed independently | Microkernel handles essential tasks; additional features run as plug-ins |
| Communication | Services communicate via APIs (e.g., REST) | Plug-ins use IPC or message passing |
| Examples | Large-scale distributed systems | Operating Systems |
- Frances E. Allen work influenced how microservices scaled in distributed environments, laying the groundwork for containerized microservices operating on modern cloud infrastructures
- Her contributions to high-performance computing and automated program optimization continue to shape the design of scalable, fault-tolerant systems today
Event-Driven Architecture
- The system flow is determined by events such as user actions, sensor inputs, or messages from other systems
- Key characteristics are scalability, interoperability, flexibility, fault tolerance, testability, and performance.
- Actions process in response to specific events, rather than sequentially, and enables asynchronous communication between services
- It makes systems responsive, scalable and widely used in real-time applications
- Event driven Achitecture is used in financial trading, IoT, and social media
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Description
Lecture on software architecture, focusing on the microkernel architecture pattern. It is structured by separating the core functionality (microkernel) from additional services. The microkernel provides essential services such as process scheduling, communication, and memory.
