Sodium Compounds and Their Uses

Sodium

• Sodium Acetate is used as an alkalinizing agent, diuretic, and antacid.
• Sodium Bicarbonate is used as an antacid and as a treatment for zinc toxicity and metal fume fever.
• Sodium Bisulfate is used as an antioxidant.
• Sodium Chloride, also known as table salt, rock salt, and condiments, is used to treat nausea and vomiting, and is used in oral rehydration solutions with potassium chloride.
• Sodium Biphosphate is used as a stool softener (laxative) and as a urinary acidifier in cystitis treatment.
• Sodium Carbonate, also known as soda ash, Trona, and washing soda, is used as an antacid.
• Sodium Fluoride is used to prevent tooth decay (2% anticarcinogenic).
• Sodium Hydroxide, also known as caustic soda, sosa, and lye, is used as a saponifying agent.
• Sodium Hypochlorite, also known as Dakin's solution and Chlorox, is used as a disinfectant and bleach.
• Sodium Iodide is used as an iodine solubilizer and expectorant.
• Sodium Nitrite is used as a vasodilator, cyanide poisoning antidote, and food preservative.
• Sodium Thiosulfate is used as a cyanide poisoning antidote with sodium nitrate and is also used in photography as a hypo.

Potassium

• Potassium Chloride, also known as Ringer's solution and Darrow's solution, is used as an electrolyte replenisher (intravenous).
• Potassium Permanganate is used as a strychnine poisoning antidote and as an indicator.
• Potassium Bitartrate, also known as cream of tartar and creamor, is used as an insoluble salt.
• Potassium Chlorate is used in toothpaste, gargle, and mouthwash for its cooling, cleaning, and deodorant properties.
• Sulfated Potash, also known as liver of sulfur, is used in white lotion (Lotio Alba) and Lotio Sulfurata.

Ammonia

• Ammonium Ion, also known as Haber-Bosch, is a hypothetical alkali metal.
• Ammonium Bromide is used in Five & Three Bromide elixir.
• Ammonium Chloride, also known as muriate of Hartshorn, sal ammoniac, and salmiac, is used as a buffer in Zinc analysis.
• Strong Ammonia Solution, also known as ammonia water and spirit of heaven, is used as an ingredient in Aromatic spirit of ammonia.

Cesium

• Cesium Chloride is used as a catalyst in the polymerization of resin-forming material.

Copper

• Copper is a reddish metal, highly malleable, and a good conductor.
• Salts of copper are blue.
• Copper enhances absorption of iron.
• Alloys of copper include bronze, brass, gun metal, sterling, and Devarda's alloy.
• Copper toxicity can cause Wilson's disease, symptoms of which include hepatic sclerosis, jaundice, bloating, brain damage, demyelination, and kidney defects, and is treated with penicillamine (Cupramine).
• Copper Sulfate, also known as blue vitriol and blue stone, is used as an ingredient in Benedicts solution, Fehling's solution, Barfoed reagent, and Bordeaux mixture, and as a phosphorus antidote with calcium oxide and water.
• Basic Copper Acetate, also known as verdigris, is used as a pink pigment.

Silver

• Silver has oligodynamic action, inhibiting microorganisms in small concentrations, and is very toxic.
• Silver is used in nitrous oxide.

Sulfur

• Precipitated Sulfur, also known as "milk of sulfur" and "Lac Sulfur", is used in ointment for scabies.
• Sublimed Sulfur, also known as "flowers of sulfur", is used in Leminckx lotion and solution for acne treatment.

Selenium

• Selenium is an important trace element that has synergistic effects with Vitamin E and has antioxidant properties.
• Selenium Sulfide, also known as "Selsun blue", is used as an antidandruff and antiseborrheic agent.

Chromium

• Deficiency in chromium can cause polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria.
• Potassium Dichromate is used as a powerful oxidizing agent and to clean glassware.

Tantalum

• Tantalum is used in sheet form for surgical repair of bones and does not affect tissues.

Oxygen

• Oxygen has three allotropes: nascent, molecular, and ozone.
• Ozonized air is used in various disinfecting and bleaching operations and reacts with all elements except gold, silver, and copper.
• There are five official gases: nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, helium, and an unspecified fifth gas.

This quiz covers various sodium compounds, their chemical formulas, and their uses in medicine and other fields. Test your knowledge of sodium compounds!