Sodium and Water Balance in Physiology

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Questions and Answers

What is the main factor controlling the amount of water gain?

  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
  • Hypovolemia
  • Thirst sensation (correct)
  • Supra-optic nucleus

Where is Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted from?

  • Hypothalamus
  • Osmoreceptor
  • Posterior pituitary (correct)
  • Supra-optic nucleus

What causes the reflex release of ADH?

  • Increase in extracellular fluid osmolarity (correct)
  • Hyperhydration
  • Decrease in osmoreceptor activity
  • Decrease in plasma sodium concentration

What is the major stimuli for ADH secretion?

<p>Hypovolemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mainly determines the amount of water loss by adjusting urine volume?

<p>Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron reabsorbs about 65-70% of the filtered water by osmosis?

<p>Proximal convoluted tubules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the osmolarity of the reabsorbed water in the proximal convoluted tubules?

<p>Iso-osmotic (300 mOsm/L) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water?

<p>Ascending loop of Henle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What controls the facultative water reabsorption in late distal tubules and collecting ducts?

<p>Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the amount of water reabsorption in late distal tubules and collecting ducts?

<p>Presence of ADH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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