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10 Questions

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Sodium and Water Balance in Physiology

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Questions and Answers

What is the main factor controlling the amount of water gain?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Hypovolemia

Thirst sensation (correct)

Supra-optic nucleus

Where is Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted from?

Hypothalamus

Osmoreceptor

Posterior pituitary (correct)

Supra-optic nucleus

What causes the reflex release of ADH?

Increase in extracellular fluid osmolarity (correct)

Hyperhydration

Decrease in osmoreceptor activity

Decrease in plasma sodium concentration

What is the major stimuli for ADH secretion?

Hypovolemia Signup and view all the answers

What mainly determines the amount of water loss by adjusting urine volume?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron reabsorbs about 65-70% of the filtered water by osmosis?

Proximal convoluted tubules Signup and view all the answers

What is the osmolarity of the reabsorbed water in the proximal convoluted tubules?

Iso-osmotic (300 mOsm/L) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water?

Ascending loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

What controls the facultative water reabsorption in late distal tubules and collecting ducts?

Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the amount of water reabsorption in late distal tubules and collecting ducts?

Presence of ADH Signup and view all the answers