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Questions and Answers
What was the primary role of men in delivery before the invention of forceps?
What was the primary role of men in delivery before the invention of forceps?
What was the estimated average maternal mortality ratio for 1990 in less developed countries per 100 000 live births?
What was the estimated average maternal mortality ratio for 1990 in less developed countries per 100 000 live births?
According to the WHO, what percentage of women develop complications during childbirth that require rapid and skilled intervention?
According to the WHO, what percentage of women develop complications during childbirth that require rapid and skilled intervention?
What factor has NOT contributed to the decrease in maternal, perinatal, and infant mortality in the West?
What factor has NOT contributed to the decrease in maternal, perinatal, and infant mortality in the West?
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In what regions were the maternal mortality ratios estimated to be as high as 1000 per 100 000 live births in 1990?
In what regions were the maternal mortality ratios estimated to be as high as 1000 per 100 000 live births in 1990?
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What is a key component of the 'right attitude' towards a low caesarean rate?
What is a key component of the 'right attitude' towards a low caesarean rate?
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What influences women's expectations and perceptions of birth?
What influences women's expectations and perceptions of birth?
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What has been observed in maternal and neonatal mortality rates over the past ten years?
What has been observed in maternal and neonatal mortality rates over the past ten years?
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What is a critical success factor in achieving a low caesarean rate, as identified in four Ontario hospitals?
What is a critical success factor in achieving a low caesarean rate, as identified in four Ontario hospitals?
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What reflects the social and political birthing environment and the dominant birthing discourse in a particular culture or country?
What reflects the social and political birthing environment and the dominant birthing discourse in a particular culture or country?
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What is the importance of exploring both micro- and macro level contexts in understanding women's health?
What is the importance of exploring both micro- and macro level contexts in understanding women's health?
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What has been a key area of focus in the medicalization of women's bodies and health?
What has been a key area of focus in the medicalization of women's bodies and health?
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What is a consequence of the resistance to medicalization in the context of women's health?
What is a consequence of the resistance to medicalization in the context of women's health?
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What is a key factor that influences women's decisions regarding childbirth, according to anthropological research?
What is a key factor that influences women's decisions regarding childbirth, according to anthropological research?
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What is an example of a broader political and economic force that shapes women's health, according to anthropological research?
What is an example of a broader political and economic force that shapes women's health, according to anthropological research?
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What is medicalization, according to Irving K. Zola?
What is medicalization, according to Irving K. Zola?
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What is the main concern of Kleinman regarding the medicalization of grief?
What is the main concern of Kleinman regarding the medicalization of grief?
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What is the consequence of medical models of causation, according to the text?
What is the consequence of medical models of causation, according to the text?
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What is the outcome of the medicalization of hunger and related distress in Northeast Brazil, according to the text?
What is the outcome of the medicalization of hunger and related distress in Northeast Brazil, according to the text?
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What is the role of the medical profession in shaping cultural norms, according to Kleinman?
What is the role of the medical profession in shaping cultural norms, according to Kleinman?
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What is the potential consequence of the changes in the BE for the pharmaceutical industry?
What is the potential consequence of the changes in the BE for the pharmaceutical industry?
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What was the main difference between uncomplicated and complicated grief in the DSM-3?
What was the main difference between uncomplicated and complicated grief in the DSM-3?
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What was the finding of studies on widows and widowers that influenced the guidelines in the DSM-4?
What was the finding of studies on widows and widowers that influenced the guidelines in the DSM-4?
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What was the context in which the DSM-3 committee considered depressive symptoms to be a normal reaction?
What was the context in which the DSM-3 committee considered depressive symptoms to be a normal reaction?
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What was the significance of the DSM-3 in the history of bereavement research?
What was the significance of the DSM-3 in the history of bereavement research?
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Medicalization is a process of making medicine and the labels 'healthy' and 'ill' relevant to a decreasing part of human existence.
Medicalization is a process of making medicine and the labels 'healthy' and 'ill' relevant to a decreasing part of human existence.
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Kleinman argues that ordinary bereavement should not be a target of medical intervention.
Kleinman argues that ordinary bereavement should not be a target of medical intervention.
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Medicalization always takes into account sociopolitical context and communal aspects of mental health.
Medicalization always takes into account sociopolitical context and communal aspects of mental health.
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In Northeast Brazil, hunger and related distress were treated through social and political reform.
In Northeast Brazil, hunger and related distress were treated through social and political reform.
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The American Psychiatric Association's designation of grief as a diagnostic category is a form of social control.
The American Psychiatric Association's designation of grief as a diagnostic category is a form of social control.
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Epidural analgesia is associated with a lower risk of maternal hypotension.
Epidural analgesia is associated with a lower risk of maternal hypotension.
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The labour ward under study offered epidural analgesia only during daytime hours.
The labour ward under study offered epidural analgesia only during daytime hours.
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The primary caregivers for women with normal births in the labour ward were obstetricians.
The primary caregivers for women with normal births in the labour ward were obstetricians.
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The use of epidural analgesia is more common in low-income countries.
The use of epidural analgesia is more common in low-income countries.
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The presence of a birth plan has no impact on the use of pain relief during labour.
The presence of a birth plan has no impact on the use of pain relief during labour.
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The DSM-3 considered depressive symptoms in the context of bereavement to be abnormal.
The DSM-3 considered depressive symptoms in the context of bereavement to be abnormal.
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The DSM-4 guidelines for bereavement were influenced by studies on widowers and widows that showed a worsening of symptoms over time.
The DSM-4 guidelines for bereavement were influenced by studies on widowers and widows that showed a worsening of symptoms over time.
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Bereavement was first introduced in the fourth edition of the DSM (DSM-4).
Bereavement was first introduced in the fourth edition of the DSM (DSM-4).
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The DSM-3 distinguished between complicated and uncomplicated grief based on the intensity of the emotions experienced.
The DSM-3 distinguished between complicated and uncomplicated grief based on the intensity of the emotions experienced.
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The pharmaceutical industry has no potential to market a treatment for the increased population of those considered to have major depression.
The pharmaceutical industry has no potential to market a treatment for the increased population of those considered to have major depression.
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The studies cited as evidence for the BE changes in the DSM-5 were not criticized by researchers.
The studies cited as evidence for the BE changes in the DSM-5 were not criticized by researchers.
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The BE in the DSM-4 did not distinguish between different types of depression.
The BE in the DSM-4 did not distinguish between different types of depression.
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The international studies by Kessing et al.(2010), Corruble et al.(2009), and Karam et al.(2009) were deemed reliable by critics.
The international studies by Kessing et al.(2010), Corruble et al.(2009), and Karam et al.(2009) were deemed reliable by critics.
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The removal of the BE in the DSM-5 was not criticized for ignoring the distinction between uncomplicated and complicated reactions to grief.
The removal of the BE in the DSM-5 was not criticized for ignoring the distinction between uncomplicated and complicated reactions to grief.
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The BE in the DSM-5 does not consider severe expressions of grief.
The BE in the DSM-5 does not consider severe expressions of grief.
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Western society has always been open to discussing death and grieving.
Western society has always been open to discussing death and grieving.
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Religious institutions no longer provide ways for dealing with issues around death and grief.
Religious institutions no longer provide ways for dealing with issues around death and grief.
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The removal of the bereavement exclusion in the DSM-5 has led to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of grief.
The removal of the bereavement exclusion in the DSM-5 has led to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of grief.
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The medicalization of grief has resulted in the preservation of traditional and cultural methods of grieving.
The medicalization of grief has resulted in the preservation of traditional and cultural methods of grieving.
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Psychologists have had a significant role in guiding individuals on how to grieve in the 20th and 21st centuries.
Psychologists have had a significant role in guiding individuals on how to grieve in the 20th and 21st centuries.
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