Questions and Answers
What does the concept of the looking-glass self explain?
The development of one's self and identity through interpersonal interactions within the context of society.
Cases in which children have been raised in social isolation demonstrate that people are born with the instincts necessary to fully develop into a functioning human being.
False
What is a position in a social hierarchy called that comes with a set of expectations?
a status
Emotions are not fully determined by society, but they are social.
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What does the term 'total institution' apply to?
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What is role conflict?
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What sort of status would a physical disability be classified as?
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The term 'total institution' refers to organizations that strip members of their previous identities in order to resocialize them.
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Why does the family have such a powerful impact as an agent of socialization?
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What sorts of things do students learn from the hidden curriculum?
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According to George Herbert Mead, why is playing organized games important for an older child's development of the self?
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According to Charles Cooley, there can be no sense of self without society.
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What factors can lead to increased group cohesion?
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There are many members of social groups who are not influenced by peer pressure.
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What is the term for the intense need for group cohesion and loyalty that can drive out dissent?
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What kind of power is exhibited by a police officer who pulls over a suspect after a high-speed pursuit?
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Which of the following is NOT true of the qualities of charismatic leaders?
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Honor killing is sometimes practiced to protect the honor of a family in which a female relative has been assaulted or treated dishonorably.
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Sociologists have shown that the likelihood of committing a heinous act can be related to social influence.
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According to Emile Durkheim, all of the social groups to which an individual is connected impose norms that place limits on the individual's actions.
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The definition of what constitutes a group is being transformed as a result of new technology and the Information Revolution. Which of the following is NOT evidence of this?
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There is a social tie between me and my best friend's uncle even though I've never met him.
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If an individual belongs to a group whose members are mostly unknown to one another, what type of group is this an example of?
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Which of the following is NOT true regarding the nature of bureaucracies?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a bureaucracy?
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Study Notes
The Looking-Glass Self
- The concept describes how one's self and identity develop through interpersonal interactions within society.
Social Isolation and Human Instincts
- Cases of children raised in isolation refute the idea that individuals are born with innate instincts for full human development.
Social Hierarchies
- A position in a social hierarchy accompanied by expectations is referred to as a status.
Emotions and Society
- Emotions are influenced by society but are not entirely determined by it.
Total Institutions
- A "total institution" is a place where a large number of people cut off from wider society lead a regulated life.
- Erving Goffman is a key sociologist associated with this concept.
- Such institutions often strip members of their previous identities to facilitate resocialization.
Role Conflict
- Defined as a situation where individuals face challenges in fulfilling expectations associated with multiple statuses.
Embodied Status
- A physical disability qualifies as an embodied status, reflecting a person's identity shaped by their physical experiences.
Family as an Agent of Socialization
- Families are powerful socialization agents as they initiate the process before other influences emerge.
Hidden Curriculum in Education
- Students learn punctuality, neatness, and discipline as part of the hidden curriculum.
Game Playing and Self Development
- Organized games are crucial for older children as they involve taking multiple roles and coordinating with other players, enhancing the self.
Social Self According to Cooley
- According to Charles Cooley, a sense of self is dependent on society's existence.
Group Cohesion Factors
- Factors leading to increased cohesion are not explicitly defined but imply group dynamics and shared interests.
Peer Pressure Dynamics
- Contrary to some beliefs, most members of social groups are often influenced by peer pressure.
Group Cohesion and Intelligence
- After the Second Gulf War, misinterpretations of CIA intelligence regarding weapons of mass destruction showcased the impacts of group cohesion on decision-making.
Coercive Power
- Coercive power is exemplified by a police officer's authority in a high-speed pursuit scenario.
Charismatic Leadership
- Specific qualities of charismatic leaders are examined, though not all attributes are universally applicable.
Honor Killings
- Honor killings may occur to protect a family's reputation if a female relative is assaulted or dishonored.
Social Influence on Criminal Behavior
- Sociological research has indicated that social influences can significantly affect an individual's propensity to commit serious crimes like rape.
Norms and Limits of Action
- Emile Durkheim suggested that social groups impose norms that restrict individual actions, reinforcing societal structure.
Impact of Technology on Group Definitions
- The nature of groups is evolving due to technology and the Information Revolution, challenging traditional definitions through new forms of interaction.
Social Ties in Networks
- There can be social connections between individuals and those they have never met, as illustrated by relationships extending through friendship networks.
Secondary Groups
- Groups where members do not know each other well typically classify as secondary groups.
Nature of Bureaucracies
- Bureaucracies maintain hierarchical structures; claims of equality among members are generally untrue.
Characteristics of Bureaucrats
- Bureaucrats often show strong identification with their agencies and possess specialized expertise, leading to high commitment to their roles.
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Test your understanding of key concepts from Sociology Module 2 with these flashcards. Explore terms like the looking-glass self and learn about the implications of social isolation on identity development. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge.
