Sociology Exam 2 Flashcards

Primary deviance is the initial act of rule-breaking, whereas secondary deviance occurs when an individual internalizes the deviant label and continues to commit deviant acts.

Labeling theory suggests that extralegal factors influence whether someone acquires a deviant label and that being labeled deviant increases the likelihood of future deviance.

<p>Strain theory is Robert Merton's view that deviance arises from the failure to achieve financial success through conventional means.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conflict theory interprets society as a struggle for power among groups competing for limited resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differential association is Edwin Sutherland's concept that deviance arises from interactions with primary group members who commit deviance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Uniform Crime Report is the FBI's regular compilation of crime statistics, primarily focusing on Index crimes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Status frustration theory, proposed by Albert Cohen, suggests that delinquency arises from school failure and the need to regain self-esteem through delinquent activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biological explanations view crime and deviant behavior as forms of illness caused by pathological factors specific to certain individuals, suggesting some are 'born criminals.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relativity of deviance means that whether a behavior is considered deviant depends on the circumstances, including the society and time period in which it occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Durkheim stated that a society without deviance is impossible because collective conscience cannot prevent all rule-breaking, and deviance serves important functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Global stratification refers to the uneven distribution of privileges, material rewards, opportunities, power, prestige, and influence among individuals and groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crime is defined as behavior that violates laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social control refers to the ways a society attempts to prevent and sanction behavior that violates norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atavists are individuals whose brains are viewed as incapable of conforming to modern norms, considered evolutionary accidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differential opportunity theory posits that differential access to illegitimate means influences the types of deviance poor individuals engage in.</p> Signup and view all the answers