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किस बात का पता चलता है कि डीवायंस क्या होता है?
क्या है समाज में समृद्धि को बनाए रखने के लिए प्रयोग में आने वाली कुछ चीजें?
समाजिक नियंत्रण से क्या संबंध रखता है?
किसका कहना है कि 'कुछ ऐसे प्रवृत्ति के प्रति प्रतिबंध किए जा रहे हैं'?
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'पुलिस, अपराध' सामान्यत: किसके माध्यम से समर्पित होता है?
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'समुह-समर्पित' के अनुसार, 'समुह' का मकसद है:
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क्या प्राथमिक सामाजिकीकरण का मुख्य उद्देश्य है?
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लेबलिंग सिद्धांत क्या कहता है?
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कौन-कौन सी समाजिक मानकों में कुछ लोगों को कुछ नियमों का पालन करने में मुश्किल होती है?
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समाजिक प्रतिबंधन में 'स्व-लोप' क्या है?
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'लेबल' कैसे लागू किया जा सकता है?
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Study Notes
Sociology's Lens on Deviance and Social Control
Sociologists delve into the intricate dynamics of human behavior and society through multiple perspectives, two prominent among them being deviance and social control. These concepts help us understand how various norms shape our individual actions and collective interactions.
Defining Deviance
Deviant behaviors, simply put, are those acts that diverge from what is considered normal by specific societal groups. This concept often invites debate, as cultural relativism demands we consider what may seem strange within one context to be ordinary in another. For instance, wearing only clothing made of leaves could be seen as peculiar in contemporary Western societies; however, it might be common practice elsewhere due to different cultural beliefs and traditions.
Understanding Social Control
Social control refers to mechanisms used to maintain conformity with social standards and shared values. It operates at both formal and informal levels, employing techniques such as laws, punishments, socialization processes, and even self-regulation. On a macro level, governments enforce criminal codes and establish institutions like courts and prisons to manage deviance. At micro levels, individuals internalize norms through experiences during their formative years and develop a moral compass for subsequent conduct.
Famous sociologist Edwin Sutherland distinguished between three types of social control:
- Primary socialization: Influences developing from family members, peers, teachers, coaches, religious leaders, etc., shaping our perception of right and wrong throughout childhood and adolescence.
- Secondary socialization: Formalized methods like schooling, military training, job orientation programs, and other institutional settings intended to promote group cohesion and acceptable behavior.
- Internalized social controls: Self-imposed checks and balances that have developed internally over time—our conscience and sense of personal responsibility towards ourselves, others, and broader community expectations.
Labelling Theory
Labelling theory is a perspective within deviance studies that suggests once someone is labeled as deviant, they are more likely to become so in the future because people perceive them differently based on this label. Labels can be applied formally (such as criminal charges) or informally (like gossip) by significant Others like authorities, parents, friends, and colleagues.
Conformity vs. Nonconformity
People act within boundaries defined by their own choices and external forces simultaneously, resulting in varying degrees of conformity versus nonconformity. Some choose not to follow certain rules outright, while others feel pressure to abide by unspoken norms despite disagreement. Finding balance amidst these dynamic forces requires flexibility and awareness.
In summary, understanding deviance and its counterpart, social control, provides valuable insights into why we behave the ways we do and helps explain complex processes underlying everyday life events. Sociological theories shed light on these phenomena and encourage critical thinking when examining acts deemed deviant or appropriate within diverse cultures and communities.
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Description
Explore the sociological concepts of deviance and social control, understanding how societal norms influence individual behaviors and interactions. Learn about primary socialization, secondary socialization, internalized social controls, labelling theory, and the dynamics between conformity and nonconformity.
