Sociology Culture and Norms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe individuals who are quick to adopt new technologies?

Laggards

Innovators

Early adopters (correct)

Late majority

Which group typically shows resistance to adopting new technologies?

Late majority

Laggards (correct)

Early majority

Innovators

On the technology adoption spectrum, early adopters generally fall where in relation to the majority?

Before early majority (correct)

At the end of the spectrum

Directly between laggards and late majority

After late majority

Which of the following groups is characterized by a slower rate of technology adoption?

Late majority Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to influence a laggard's adoption of new technology?

Perceived necessity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Everett Rogers' model developed in 1962?

The diffusion of innovations Signup and view all the answers

According to Rogers, what does complete saturation in a market represent?

A market share of 100 percent Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely outcome as consumers begin to adopt a new innovation?

Gradual increase in market share Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a potential characteristic of consumer behavior during the diffusion of innovations?

Gradual adoption leading to potential market saturation Signup and view all the answers

How does Rogers' model view the relationship between innovation adoption and market saturation?

Adoption leads to a potential for market saturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between ideal culture and real culture?

Ideal culture portrays societal aspirations, while real culture shows how society actually behaves. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statement best describes formal norms?

They are established rules that are documented and agreed upon. Signup and view all the answers

What are mores primarily associated with?

Moral views and principles of a group. Signup and view all the answers

How do folkways differ from mores?

Folkways are based on societal norms without moral significance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of breaching social norms according to the concept of discomfort?

It can lead to feelings of embarrassment and social disapproval. Signup and view all the answers

What was Wells' connection between lynching and social mobility?

An increase in lynching correlated with an increase in black social mobility. Signup and view all the answers

In which movement did Wells observe competition among women?

Feminist Movement Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist is associated with the examination of the relationship between lynching and social mobility?

Ida B. Wells Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the feminist movement did Wells focus on?

Competition for voting rights among women Signup and view all the answers

What societal issue did Wells link to her views on social mobility?

Racial injustice Signup and view all the answers

What is a paradigm in sociology?

A lens for understanding social phenomena Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a macro-level theory in sociology?

Conflicts Theory Signup and view all the answers

What does structural-functional theory emphasize?

The interdependence of social institutions Signup and view all the answers

What are manifest functions?

Consequences that are anticipated Signup and view all the answers

Karl Marx is most associated with which sociological theory?

Conflict Theory Signup and view all the answers

What does social facts include according to Durkheim?

Cultural rules and norms governing social life Signup and view all the answers

What is false consciousness in the context of conflict theory?

Misunderstanding one's social position Signup and view all the answers

What are latent functions?

Unsought consequences of social processes Signup and view all the answers

Who applied structural-functional theory to study societal changes over time?

Émile Durkheim Signup and view all the answers

One criticism of structural-functional theory is that it fails to explain which aspect effectively?

Social change and dysfunctions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Culture

Values are the standards a society strives towards. Rewards, sanctions, and punishments reflect these values.
Real culture refers to the actual practices and behaviors of a society.
Beliefs are the convictions and principles held by individuals.
Social norms are unwritten rules that guide behavior, often based on what society deems right, good, and important.
Formal norms are established, written rules.
Informal norms are casual behaviors generally followed.
Breaching experiments demonstrate the discomfort that arises when individuals deviate from these norms.

Mores are critical norms that embody a group's moral view and principles.
Violating mores can lead to serious consequences, often involving social ostracization, such as shame, shunning, or banning.

Folkways

Folkways are less stringent norms without a moral foundation.
They define appropriate behavior and cultural expression, often varying between cultures.
Folkways are often taken for granted until encountering differences.

Sociological Theories

Sociological theories attempt to explain social phenomena and generate testable propositions about society (hypotheses).
Macro-level theories focus on large-scale issues and groups.
Micro-level theories examine specific interactions between individuals or small groups.
Grand theories aim to explain large-scale relationships and provide fundamental answers about society.
Paradigms serve as guiding principles or belief systems within a discipline, shaping theories, generalizations, and experiments.

Structural-Functional Theory

Structural Functionalism views society as a system with interconnected parts designed to meet individual needs.
Society functions as a biological organism, where various parts work together (like organs in a body).
Émile Durkheim recognized social facts like laws, morals, and customs as crucial elements in shaping social life.
Durkheim explored social solidarity (social ties) and its relation to suicide rates.
Robert Merton elaborated on manifest functions (intended consequences) and latent functions (unintended consequences).
Dysfunctions represent social processes with undesired consequences for society.
Criticisms include its inability to explain social change effectively and the persistence of dysfunctions despite their lack of a clear function.

Conflict Theory

Conflict theory sees society as a competition for limited resources.
This perspective, primarily associated with Karl Marx, identifies capitalism and class struggles as central to social relations.
The bourgeoisie (capitalist class) controls the means of production, leading to the exploitation of the proletariat (working class).
False consciousness describes the proletariat’s inability to understand their position within the class system.
Class consciousness reflects the awareness of shared exploitation among the proletariat, leading to collective action.
Max Weber expanded Marx’s theory to include inequalities in political power and social structure, emphasizing factors such as class differences and social mobility.
Ida B. Wells used conflict theory to analyze the relationship between lynching and Black social mobility, as well as competition within the feminist movement during the struggle for voting rights.

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Description

Test your understanding of culture, norms, and values in society. This quiz covers key concepts like real culture, beliefs, mores, and folkways. Explore how these elements influence behavior and societal expectations.