Sociology: Crime and Social Status Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which term is used by sociologists to refer to actions defined by society as outside the range of the acceptable?

  • Criminal behavior
  • Moral standards
  • Offences against property
  • Deviance (correct)

What creates boundaries between what is and what is not deviant?

  • Political norms
  • Religious orthodoxy
  • Society's reactions (correct)
  • Individual moral standards

In what way does the text differentiate deviance from crime?

  • Crime only refers to actions outside religious orthodoxy.
  • Deviance relates to political norms, crime does not.
  • Crime is determined by individual moral standards, deviance is not.
  • Deviance involves nonconformity to social norms, while crime does not. (correct)

Which group of people mentioned in the text could be considered deviants?

<p>Individuals with mental illnesses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines those individuals considered deviant according to the text?

<p>Behavior running counter to societal norms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of punishment in relation to crime?

<p>To promote social control and protect society (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do power structures influence the classification of criminal activities?

<p>By influencing what is considered criminal in society (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes crime from deviance?

<p>Crime involves breaking laws, deviance violates societal norms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are decisions about what constitutes crime made?

<p>By people in positions of authority (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a significant role in determining whether an act is classified as a crime?

<p>The formal definition by agencies of social control (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the behavioural patterns viewed as appropriate standards of role performance in a society?

<p>Norms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an offence against property?

<p>Domestic burglary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the realm of criminology, what is typically the main motivation behind much crime?

<p>Drug use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of crime is usually the result of a long-term profession in criminal activities?

<p>Organized crime (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do norms influence behavior within a society?

<p>By setting boundaries for acceptable behavior and defining unacceptable behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes deviance from crime in terms of punishment?

<p>Deviance is punished by informal sanctions, while crime is punishable by law. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of crime involves violent or nonviolent crimes directed against people?

<p>Personal crimes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way is societal norms related to deviance and crime?

<p>Societal norms evolve as a social process, influencing perceptions of deviance and crime. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes property crime from personal crimes?

<p>Personal crimes are directed against people, while property crimes target possessions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are victimless crimes often not considered serious offenses?

<p>They lack a victim or complainant, which lowers their perceived seriousness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory of deviance attributes criminality to an extra 'Y' chromosome in some males?

<p>XYY Chromosome Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who identified body types like ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph in relation to criminal behavior?

<p>William Sheldon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist suggested that criminals are evolutionary throwbacks to a more ape-like being?

<p>Cesare Lombroso (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory emphasizes that people act rationally on the basis of perceived consequences?

<p>Rational choice theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who suggested that criminals were 'born' inferior in relation to deviance?

<p>E.A. Hooten (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor used to determine if an act is deviant according to the text?

<p>Social background (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation might a woman who kills her husband be found innocent of murder?

<p>If the husband was abusing her (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as being as important as the act itself in determining deviance according to the text?

<p>The situational context (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a significant role in how people are perceived according to their social characteristics?

<p>Social status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of behavior is highlighted as not being inherently deviant in the text?

<p>Behavior judged by an individual (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 elements of the social bond identified by Travis Hirschi in Control Theory?

<p>Attachment to others, Commitment to conformity, Involvement in conventional activities, Belief in validity of social rules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Control Theory, what deters most people from committing deviant acts?

<p>Fear of punishment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the similarities between Cultural Transmission and Differential Association?

<p>Both focus on the influence of peers on criminal activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not necessarily an expression of needs and values, according to the text?

<p>Frequency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory proposes that criminals are supported by their communities and that criminal activities are glamorized in popular music?

<p>Cultural Transmission Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is deeply entrenched and pervasive according to the text?

<p>Culture of crime and violence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Bonding' to conventional society is an element of which criminological theory?

<p>Social Control Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Investment of time in conforming behavior such as school or sports' falls under which element identified by Travis Hirschi?

<p>Commitment to conformity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory posits that one becomes a criminal due to growing up in a culture that glorifies criminal behavior?

<p>Cultural Transmission Theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the commitment to conformity refer to according to Travis Hirschi?

<p>Investment of time in conforming behavior such as school, sports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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