40 Questions
Which term is used by sociologists to refer to actions defined by society as outside the range of the acceptable?
Deviance
What creates boundaries between what is and what is not deviant?
Society's reactions
In what way does the text differentiate deviance from crime?
Deviance involves nonconformity to social norms, while crime does not.
Which group of people mentioned in the text could be considered deviants?
Individuals with mental illnesses
What characteristic defines those individuals considered deviant according to the text?
Behavior running counter to societal norms
What is the primary purpose of punishment in relation to crime?
To promote social control and protect society
How do power structures influence the classification of criminal activities?
By influencing what is considered criminal in society
What distinguishes crime from deviance?
Crime involves breaking laws, deviance violates societal norms
How are decisions about what constitutes crime made?
By people in positions of authority
Which factor plays a significant role in determining whether an act is classified as a crime?
The formal definition by agencies of social control
What term is used to describe the behavioural patterns viewed as appropriate standards of role performance in a society?
Norms
Which of the following is considered an offence against property?
Domestic burglary
In the realm of criminology, what is typically the main motivation behind much crime?
Drug use
Which category of crime is usually the result of a long-term profession in criminal activities?
Organized crime
How do norms influence behavior within a society?
By setting boundaries for acceptable behavior and defining unacceptable behavior
What distinguishes deviance from crime in terms of punishment?
Deviance is punished by informal sanctions, while crime is punishable by law.
Which type of crime involves violent or nonviolent crimes directed against people?
Personal crimes
In what way is societal norms related to deviance and crime?
Societal norms evolve as a social process, influencing perceptions of deviance and crime.
What distinguishes property crime from personal crimes?
Personal crimes are directed against people, while property crimes target possessions.
Why are victimless crimes often not considered serious offenses?
They lack a victim or complainant, which lowers their perceived seriousness.
Which theory of deviance attributes criminality to an extra 'Y' chromosome in some males?
XYY Chromosome Theory
Who identified body types like ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph in relation to criminal behavior?
William Sheldon
Which theorist suggested that criminals are evolutionary throwbacks to a more ape-like being?
Cesare Lombroso
Which theory emphasizes that people act rationally on the basis of perceived consequences?
Rational choice theory
Who suggested that criminals were 'born' inferior in relation to deviance?
E.A. Hooten
What is a key factor used to determine if an act is deviant according to the text?
Social background
In what situation might a woman who kills her husband be found innocent of murder?
If the husband was abusing her
What is emphasized as being as important as the act itself in determining deviance according to the text?
The situational context
Which factor plays a significant role in how people are perceived according to their social characteristics?
Social status
What aspect of behavior is highlighted as not being inherently deviant in the text?
Behavior judged by an individual
What are the 4 elements of the social bond identified by Travis Hirschi in Control Theory?
Attachment to others, Commitment to conformity, Involvement in conventional activities, Belief in validity of social rules
According to Control Theory, what deters most people from committing deviant acts?
Fear of punishment
What is one of the similarities between Cultural Transmission and Differential Association?
Both focus on the influence of peers on criminal activities
What is not necessarily an expression of needs and values, according to the text?
Frequency
Which theory proposes that criminals are supported by their communities and that criminal activities are glamorized in popular music?
Cultural Transmission Theory
What is deeply entrenched and pervasive according to the text?
Culture of crime and violence
'Bonding' to conventional society is an element of which criminological theory?
Social Control Theory
'Investment of time in conforming behavior such as school or sports' falls under which element identified by Travis Hirschi?
Commitment to conformity
Which theory posits that one becomes a criminal due to growing up in a culture that glorifies criminal behavior?
Cultural Transmission Theory
What does the commitment to conformity refer to according to Travis Hirschi?
Investment of time in conforming behavior such as school, sports
This quiz explores the impact of social status on the labeling of individuals as criminals and the treatment they receive. It delves into the concept of crime as a deviant act that breaks the law, with sanctions aimed at protecting both the individual and society. The quiz also discusses punishment as a form of social control.
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