Sociology: Crime and Social Status Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which term is used by sociologists to refer to actions defined by society as outside the range of the acceptable?

  • Criminal behavior
  • Moral standards
  • Offences against property
  • Deviance (correct)

    • What creates boundaries between what is and what is not deviant?

  • Political norms
  • Religious orthodoxy
  • Society's reactions (correct)
  • Individual moral standards

    • In what way does the text differentiate deviance from crime?

  • Crime only refers to actions outside religious orthodoxy.
  • Deviance relates to political norms, crime does not.
  • Crime is determined by individual moral standards, deviance is not.
  • Deviance involves nonconformity to social norms, while crime does not. (correct)

    • Which group of people mentioned in the text could be considered deviants?

    <p>Individuals with mental illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines those individuals considered deviant according to the text?

    <p>Behavior running counter to societal norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of punishment in relation to crime?

    <p>To promote social control and protect society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do power structures influence the classification of criminal activities?

    <p>By influencing what is considered criminal in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes crime from deviance?

    <p>Crime involves breaking laws, deviance violates societal norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are decisions about what constitutes crime made?

    <p>By people in positions of authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a significant role in determining whether an act is classified as a crime?

    <p>The formal definition by agencies of social control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the behavioural patterns viewed as appropriate standards of role performance in a society?

    <p>Norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered an offence against property?

    <p>Domestic burglary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the realm of criminology, what is typically the main motivation behind much crime?

    <p>Drug use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of crime is usually the result of a long-term profession in criminal activities?

    <p>Organized crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do norms influence behavior within a society?

    <p>By setting boundaries for acceptable behavior and defining unacceptable behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes deviance from crime in terms of punishment?

    <p>Deviance is punished by informal sanctions, while crime is punishable by law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of crime involves violent or nonviolent crimes directed against people?

    <p>Personal crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way is societal norms related to deviance and crime?

    <p>Societal norms evolve as a social process, influencing perceptions of deviance and crime.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes property crime from personal crimes?

    <p>Personal crimes are directed against people, while property crimes target possessions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are victimless crimes often not considered serious offenses?

    <p>They lack a victim or complainant, which lowers their perceived seriousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of deviance attributes criminality to an extra 'Y' chromosome in some males?

    <p>XYY Chromosome Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who identified body types like ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph in relation to criminal behavior?

    <p>William Sheldon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theorist suggested that criminals are evolutionary throwbacks to a more ape-like being?

    <p>Cesare Lombroso</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory emphasizes that people act rationally on the basis of perceived consequences?

    <p>Rational choice theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who suggested that criminals were 'born' inferior in relation to deviance?

    <p>E.A. Hooten</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor used to determine if an act is deviant according to the text?

    <p>Social background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation might a woman who kills her husband be found innocent of murder?

    <p>If the husband was abusing her</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as being as important as the act itself in determining deviance according to the text?

    <p>The situational context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor plays a significant role in how people are perceived according to their social characteristics?

    <p>Social status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of behavior is highlighted as not being inherently deviant in the text?

    <p>Behavior judged by an individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 4 elements of the social bond identified by Travis Hirschi in Control Theory?

    <p>Attachment to others, Commitment to conformity, Involvement in conventional activities, Belief in validity of social rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Control Theory, what deters most people from committing deviant acts?

    <p>Fear of punishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the similarities between Cultural Transmission and Differential Association?

    <p>Both focus on the influence of peers on criminal activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not necessarily an expression of needs and values, according to the text?

    <p>Frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory proposes that criminals are supported by their communities and that criminal activities are glamorized in popular music?

    <p>Cultural Transmission Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is deeply entrenched and pervasive according to the text?

    <p>Culture of crime and violence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Bonding' to conventional society is an element of which criminological theory?

    <p>Social Control Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Investment of time in conforming behavior such as school or sports' falls under which element identified by Travis Hirschi?

    <p>Commitment to conformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory posits that one becomes a criminal due to growing up in a culture that glorifies criminal behavior?

    <p>Cultural Transmission Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the commitment to conformity refer to according to Travis Hirschi?

    <p>Investment of time in conforming behavior such as school, sports</p> Signup and view all the answers

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