Sociology: Crime and Deviance

Actions that violate social norms, which are unwritten rules of behavior expected in a particular context.

Behavior that violates the laws of a society, which are formal rules enacted and enforced by the state.

Mechanisms that regulate behavior to ensure conformity to norms and laws, including informal (disapproval) and formal (police) methods.

Crime strengthens solidarity, acts as a 'safety valve,' and can lead to social change, but too much or too little is dysfunctional.

Sees crime as linked to the capitalist system, a product of inequality and exploitation, with laws serving the ruling class.

Crime is socially constructed and defined by social reaction. Initial rule-breaking (primary) can lead to a label and further deviance (secondary).

Focuses on the reality of crime for victims. Right realism emphasizes individual responsibility, while left realism highlights social inequality.

Men commit more crime due to gender role socialization, but opportunities and treatment by the justice system also differ.

Differences in crime rates may be influenced by social inequality, institutional racism, and cultural or subcultural factors.

Poverty and lack of opportunity influence crime. White-collar and corporate crime are often committed by those in higher social classes.