Questions and Answers
What is education?
A formal process of learning in which some people consciously teach while others adopt the social role of learner.
What are the manifest and latent functions of education?
Manifest functions are the transmission of knowledge and bestowal of status; latent functions include transmitting culture, promoting social and political integration, maintaining social control, and serving as an agent of change.
What is a hidden curriculum?
Refers to standards of behavior that are deemed proper by society and are taught subtly in schools.
How does Functionalist Theory describe the role of education in American society?
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What is the importance of the Brown v. Board of Education decision?
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How does Conflict Theory describe the role of education in American society?
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What is Credentialism?
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What is Tracking?
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What is the teacher-expectancy effect?
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What is Max Weber's concept of Bureaucracy?
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What is Division of Labor?
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What is Hierarchy of Authority?
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What are Written Rules and Regulations?
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What is Impersonality?
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What does Employment based on Technical Qualifications mean?
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What is Politics?
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What is Force?
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What is Influence?
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What is Authority?
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What is C. Wright Mills' Power Elite?
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What is the Pluralist Elite Model?
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What is Capitalism?
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What is Laissez-faire?
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What is Socialism?
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What is Communism?
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What are William Domhoff's two coalitions in the electoral arena?
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What is Downsizing?
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What is Deindustrialization?
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What is Postindustrialization?
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Describe Karl Marx's two major classes in his class system.
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What are Weber's Types of Authority?
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What is Charismatic Authority?
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What is Rational-Legal Authority?
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What is Traditional Authority?
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What is Microfinancing?
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Study Notes
Education and Its Functions
- Education is a formal process involving teaching and learning within society.
- Manifest functions are open, such as knowledge transmission and status bestowal.
- Latent functions include cultural transmission, social integration, maintaining control, and catalyzing change.
- Hidden curriculum teaches socially accepted behaviors subtly within educational settings.
Theoretical Perspectives on Education
- Functionalist Theory views education as essential for social stability, addressing both manifest and latent functions.
- Conflict Theory highlights that education can perpetuate inequality, restricting access to opportunities for disadvantaged children.
Significant Education Cases
- Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark case that desegregated schools, increasing the attendance of Black students in predominantly white institutions.
Educational Practices and Effects
- Credentialism refers to increasing educational requirements for entering various fields.
- Tracking involves placing students in specific educational paths based on performance indicators like test scores.
- Teacher-expectancy effect suggests that a teacher’s expectations can influence a student’s academic performance.
Max Weber's Bureaucracy in Education
- Division of labor is evident in specialized roles, such as educators for students with disabilities.
- Hierarchy of authority in schools means that every employee has supervisors, like teachers reporting to principals.
- Bureaucratic regulations can detract from teaching effectiveness when time is spent on administrative tasks.
- Impersonality in larger classes limits personalized teacher-student interaction.
- Employment in education is based on technical qualifications and competence through formal hiring processes.
Political Concepts
- Politics centers on authority and power struggles within society.
- Force refers to coercive measures employed to impose will, while influence relies on persuasion.
- Authority is the recognized power institutionalized within a society.
Theories of Power Structure
- C. Wright Mills identified a 'Power Elite' comprising corporate leaders, government executives, and military heads.
- Pluralist Elite Model posits that power is more broadly shared than elite models suggest.
Economic Systems
- Capitalism is characterized by private ownership of production means, driven by profit.
- Laissez-faire denotes minimal government intervention in business.
- Socialism implies collective ownership of production, prioritizing public needs over profit.
- Communism involves communal property ownership, abolishing social distinctions based on production capability.
William Domhoff's Power Analysis
- Domhoff's model outlines a power elite extended to the white, upper-class demographic, encompassing social upper class, corporate networks, and policy organizations.
Economic Changes
- Downsizing refers to workforce reductions during deindustrialization.
- Deindustrialization indicates withdrawal of investments in production infrastructures.
- Postindustrialization describes a shift to service-oriented economies reliant on information.
Karl Marx's Class Structure
- Power Elite at the top includes corporate, governmental, and military leaders.
- Local opinion leaders play a pivotal role in shaping decisions under elite influences.
- At the bottom, unorganized exploited masses represent the broader working class.
Authority Types According to Weber
- Traditional authority stems from customs and accepted practices.
- Rational-Legal authority is rooted in laws and formal regulations.
- Charismatic authority arises from a leader's exceptional personal appeal to followers.
Microfinancing Concepts
- Microfinancing provides small loans to impoverished individuals, enabling them to escape poverty and access resources typically unavailable through traditional banking.
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Description
Test your understanding of Chapter 9 on education, including its manifest and latent functions, as well as the concept of hidden curriculum. This quiz will help solidify your grasp of these essential sociological terms and their implications in societal structures.