Sociology Chapter 16 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the concept of hidden curriculum?

A type of nonacademic knowledge that one learns through informal learning and cultural transmission.

Which court case set the precedent for access to education within the United States for students with disabilities?

Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia

What is the Head Start Program?

A federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status.

Which of the following is NOT a method used within the U.S. to produce educational equality?

Mandatory tutoring Signup and view all the answers

What is grade inflation?

The practice of lowering the standards for students' grades. Signup and view all the answers

What does sorting refer to in education?

Classifying students based on academic merit or potential. Signup and view all the answers

How is formal education defined?

The learning of academic facts and concepts. Signup and view all the answers

Which sociological perspective argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities?

Conflict Theory Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to inequality within the educational system in the United States?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is cultural capital?

Cultural knowledge that serves as currency to help one navigate a culture. Signup and view all the answers

What does credentialism mean?

The emphasis on certificates or degrees to show that a person has a certain skill. Signup and view all the answers

What is cultural transmission?

The way people come to learn the values, beliefs, and social norms of their culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the No Child Left Behind Act?

To require states to test students in prescribed grades. Signup and view all the answers

What is social placement in education?

The use of education to improve one's social standing. Signup and view all the answers

What does universal access mean?

The equal ability of all people to participate in an education system. Signup and view all the answers

What major factors affect education systems throughout the world?

Resources and money. Signup and view all the answers

What do top-ranked nations in science and math have in common?

They recruit top teachers. Signup and view all the answers

What is informal education?

Learning about cultural values, norms, and expected behaviors through participation in society. Signup and view all the answers

How is social promotion defined?

Allowing a student to move to the next grade regardless of whether they have met the requirements. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a manifest function of education?

Courtship Signup and view all the answers

What does tracking refer to in education?

The assignment of students to specific education programs based on test scores or perceived ability. Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the transmission of moral education?

Transmission of moral education. Signup and view all the answers

What did Plessy v. Ferguson establish?

Separate schools for black and white students were allowed. Signup and view all the answers

What are key predictors for student success?

Socioeconomic status and family background. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of conflict theorists regarding IQ tests?

They see IQ tests as biased, rewarding affluent students with certain knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Educational Concepts

Hidden Curriculum: Nonacademic knowledge learned through informal settings and cultural transmission.
Formal Education: Learning of academic facts and concepts in structured settings.
Informal Education: Gaining cultural norms and values through societal participation.

Court Cases and Legislation

Mills v. Board of Education: Landmark case ensuring education access for students with disabilities.
No Child Left Behind Act: Mandates state testing for students to qualify for federal funding, impacting educational accountability.

Programs and Initiatives

Head Start Program: Federal initiative providing preschool education focused on low socioeconomic students.

Theories of Education

Conflict Theory: Argues that the education system perpetuates social inequalities based on class, race, and gender.
Functionalist Theory: Views education as serving the needs of families, society, and individuals.
Symbolic Interactionism: Focuses on labels and social interactions within educational contexts.

Educational Practices

Grade Inflation: Easing grade standards, resulting in higher grades today than in the past for similar performance.
Sorting: Classifying students by academic ability, potentially reinforcing socioeconomic divides.
Tracking: Assigning students to specific educational paths based on performance metrics.
Social Promotion: Advancing students to the next grade regardless of academic achievement.

Cultural Capital: Advantages gained from cultural knowledge, impacting social interactions and academic success.
Credentialism: Emphasis on degrees and certificates as indicators of skills and job qualifications.
Inequality Factors: Includes socioeconomic status, race, and other systemic barriers impacting educational access.

Student Success Indicators

Key Predictors: Socioeconomic status and family background often determine student success in academic settings.
Cultural Transmission: Learning through observation and participation, exemplified by peer behaviors, such as lunch purchasing habits.

Historical Context

Plessy v. Ferguson: Established the legality of racial segregation in schools.
Courtship: Though often a social phenomenon, it is deemed a non-manifest function of education.

Educational Equality Efforts

Universal Access: The principle advocating for equal educational opportunities for all individuals.
Resource Allocation: Equitable spending per student is essential for providing quality education.

Miscellaneous

Social Placement: Education as a means to enhance social standing, reflected in student course selections aligned with career goals.
Transmission of Moral Education: Educational practices that instill values such as respect for authority and responsibility.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts and court cases from Chapter 16 of Sociology. Learn about the hidden curriculum, important legal precedents, and educational programs like Head Start. Perfect for anyone studying sociology or preparing for exams.