Sociological Theories: Weber and Marx
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Questions and Answers

What concept refers to the patterns of social relationships, social positions, and numbers of people that are relatively stable and change slowly?

  • Social Action
  • Social Structure (correct)
  • Social Darwinism
  • Weber's Authority Types
  • Which sociologist studied social life in Britain and the US, translated Comte's work, and focused on the impact of inequality?

  • Harriet Martineau (correct)
  • Herbert Spencer
  • Max Weber
  • Karl Marx
  • What did Max Weber use to explain different types of authority, including traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic authority?

  • Weber's Ideal-Type (correct)
  • Social Action
  • Social Darwinism
  • Social Structure
  • Which sociologist is associated with the concept of 'Social Darwinism' and believed in an evolutionary model of society?

    <p>Herbert Spencer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of sociology according to Max Weber?

    <p>Social Actions and Their Consequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociologist is generally regarded as the founder of functionalist theory?

    <p>Emile Durkheim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sociology, which theorist believed that society was an organism with interdependent parts performing specific functions for its well-being?

    <p>Herbert Spencer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociologist from the text is associated with an empirical study on the social causes of suicide?

    <p>Emile Durkheim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to functionalists, how do changes in one major institution in society affect others?

    <p>A change in one institution affects all other major institutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who among the founding fathers of sociology is known for moving sociology fully into the realm of an empirical science?

    <p>Emile Durkheim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of sociology is described when it is based on observation, not imaginations or revelations?

    <p>Empirical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In sociology, what characteristic involves summarizing complex observations into abstract, logically related principles to explain causal relationships?

    <p>Theoretical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of sociology signifies that sociological theories build upon each other, with new theories refining older ones?

    <p>Cumulative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sociology as described in the text?

    <p>Observational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was an important social change during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that contributed to the development of sociology?

    <p>Rise of factory-based industrial economy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key concept in Structural Functionalism that refers to the unintended and unrecognized consequences or outcomes of a social phenomenon?

    <p>Latent functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociological perspective views society as socially constructed by everyday encounters between people?

    <p>Symbolic Interactionism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used in sociology to describe the lack of usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group?

    <p>Anomie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective in sociology sees society as a system of interconnected parts that work together to maintain social cohesion?

    <p>Structural Functionalism Perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used in Structural Functionalism to describe the recognized and intended consequences or outcomes of a social phenomenon?

    <p>Manifest functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific problems did Auguste Comte establish for sociological investigation?

    <p>Social order and social dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Auguste Comte, what does 'social dynamics' in sociology refer to?

    <p>Social change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Auguste Comte view sociologists in relation to society?

    <p>As a 'priesthood of humanity'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What academic discipline did Auguste Comte contribute to by coining the term sociology?

    <p>Sociology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Auguste Comte believe the secrets of society could be unlocked?

    <p>By applying scientific methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the conflict perspective, what is the primary factor that holds society together?

    <p>Power dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociologist is associated with introducing the concept of manifest functions within the structural functionalist perspective?

    <p>Robert Merton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sociological perspectives, who among the following scholars is known for emphasizing social conflict as a driving force for societal change?

    <p>W.E.B. Du Bois</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best characterizes the social-conflict paradigm in sociology?

    <p>Views society as an arena of inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociologist is commonly associated with focusing on social unity based on mutual interdependence and shared values?

    <p>Auguste Comte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the ways in which different parts of a social system are closely interconnected and influence one another?

    <p>Functional integration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociological concept refers to the ability of a social actor to control the actions of others?

    <p>Power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the shared norms, values, beliefs, knowledge, and symbols that enable meaningful understanding of one's own and others' actions?

    <p>Culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Stephens, Seach, et al, what defines society as 'a very large grouping of institutions typically existing within a geographical boundary'?

    <p>Social structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the more or less stable patterns of people's interactions and relationships within a society?

    <p>Social structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Henslin define as 'the framework of society that was already laid out before you were born'?

    <p>Social structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Social mobility is often achieved by routes provided by the social structure,' according to the text. What does this imply about social mobility?

    <p>It is influenced by societal patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the patterns around which society is organized?

    <p>Social structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In bureaucracies, such as the army, what are the patterns of advancement called?

    <p>Rank ascension structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Within societies, what are the more or less stable patterns of people's interactions and relationships known as?

    <p>Social structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

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