40 Questions
What concept refers to the patterns of social relationships, social positions, and numbers of people that are relatively stable and change slowly?
Social Structure
Which sociologist studied social life in Britain and the US, translated Comte's work, and focused on the impact of inequality?
Harriet Martineau
What did Max Weber use to explain different types of authority, including traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic authority?
Weber's Ideal-Type
Which sociologist is associated with the concept of 'Social Darwinism' and believed in an evolutionary model of society?
Herbert Spencer
What is the main focus of sociology according to Max Weber?
Social Actions and Their Consequences
Which sociologist is generally regarded as the founder of functionalist theory?
Emile Durkheim
In the context of sociology, which theorist believed that society was an organism with interdependent parts performing specific functions for its well-being?
Herbert Spencer
Which sociologist from the text is associated with an empirical study on the social causes of suicide?
Emile Durkheim
According to functionalists, how do changes in one major institution in society affect others?
A change in one institution affects all other major institutions
Who among the founding fathers of sociology is known for moving sociology fully into the realm of an empirical science?
Emile Durkheim
What characteristic of sociology is described when it is based on observation, not imaginations or revelations?
Empirical
In sociology, what characteristic involves summarizing complex observations into abstract, logically related principles to explain causal relationships?
Theoretical
What characteristic of sociology signifies that sociological theories build upon each other, with new theories refining older ones?
Cumulative
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sociology as described in the text?
Observational
What was an important social change during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that contributed to the development of sociology?
Rise of factory-based industrial economy
What is the key concept in Structural Functionalism that refers to the unintended and unrecognized consequences or outcomes of a social phenomenon?
Latent functions
Which sociological perspective views society as socially constructed by everyday encounters between people?
Symbolic Interactionism
What term is used in sociology to describe the lack of usual social or ethical standards in an individual or group?
Anomie
Which perspective in sociology sees society as a system of interconnected parts that work together to maintain social cohesion?
Structural Functionalism Perspective
What is the term used in Structural Functionalism to describe the recognized and intended consequences or outcomes of a social phenomenon?
Manifest functions
What specific problems did Auguste Comte establish for sociological investigation?
Social order and social dynamics
According to Auguste Comte, what does 'social dynamics' in sociology refer to?
Social change
How did Auguste Comte view sociologists in relation to society?
As a 'priesthood of humanity'
What academic discipline did Auguste Comte contribute to by coining the term sociology?
Sociology
How did Auguste Comte believe the secrets of society could be unlocked?
By applying scientific methods
According to the conflict perspective, what is the primary factor that holds society together?
Power dynamics
Which sociologist is associated with introducing the concept of manifest functions within the structural functionalist perspective?
Robert Merton
In the context of sociological perspectives, who among the following scholars is known for emphasizing social conflict as a driving force for societal change?
W.E.B. Du Bois
Which of the following best characterizes the social-conflict paradigm in sociology?
Views society as an arena of inequality
Which sociologist is commonly associated with focusing on social unity based on mutual interdependence and shared values?
Auguste Comte
What is the term used to describe the ways in which different parts of a social system are closely interconnected and influence one another?
Functional integration
Which sociological concept refers to the ability of a social actor to control the actions of others?
Power
What term is used to describe the shared norms, values, beliefs, knowledge, and symbols that enable meaningful understanding of one's own and others' actions?
Culture
According to Stephens, Seach, et al, what defines society as 'a very large grouping of institutions typically existing within a geographical boundary'?
Social structure
Which term refers to the more or less stable patterns of people's interactions and relationships within a society?
Social structure
What did Henslin define as 'the framework of society that was already laid out before you were born'?
Social structure
'Social mobility is often achieved by routes provided by the social structure,' according to the text. What does this imply about social mobility?
It is influenced by societal patterns
What term describes the patterns around which society is organized?
Social structure
In bureaucracies, such as the army, what are the patterns of advancement called?
Rank ascension structures
Within societies, what are the more or less stable patterns of people's interactions and relationships known as?
Social structures
Explore the sociological theories of Max Weber and Karl Marx regarding values, belief systems, organization models, rationalization, socialism, capitalism, authority, and ideal-types.
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