Sociología de la Educación

Sociología de la Educación

• Sociología: A science that describes and explains human social phenomena. The method involves testing claims about reality with factual evidence.
• Origins: Developed in the 19th century in response to the social changes during the Industrial Revolution in Europe.
• Perspective Diversity: No unified paradigm exists to study society.
• System Definition: A system is an ordered set of interconnected elements that interact.
• System Types: Physical (machinery, equipment, objects), abstract (plans, ideas), closed (limited energy/matter exchange), and open (energy/matter exchange with the environment).
• System Characteristics: Systems have goals, element-relationship-driven distribution for achieving objectives, internal equilibrium response to external changes, adaptive qualities.

System Education

• System Educational Definition: The system of education is broader than just teaching or instruction. It encompasses all social processes that shape individuals in a society.
• Components: Educational institutions of all levels (pre-K through higher education).
• Interconnectedness: The system is a component of wider society, and society influences and shapes the system. Societal interactions influence educational systems and vice versa.
• Global Social Organization: Educational processes are part of a larger social organization, interconnected with other parts of society.
• Socialization: The process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors of their society via educational processes.

Culture

• Definition: Values and knowledge shared among and developed by members of society, encompassing language, beliefs, art, customs and ways of life.
• Universal Feature: All members of a functional society are considered cultured/civilized
• Societial-based definition: Culture is the collective product of a society and its members.

Socialization and Individualization

• Socialization: The process through which a society transmits and reinforces its culture to individuals, influencing their behavior
• Perspective: Societal influence on individuals, and the individual's response to society's norms..
• Objective view: Society instills appropriate behaviors and aspirations to fit organized society.
• Subjective view: Individuals actively adapt to social norms, actively learning social behavior, and how they are perceived

Groups

• Group definition: A social unit composed of multiple individuals that interact, share experiences, and behave in mutually expected ways (norms, interests).
• Identifiable: Members and outsiders are aware of the group's presence.
• Structured: Roles, status, and relationships among group members.
• Continuity: The group continues through time and the members change.
• Shared interests: Members share common goals, values, and beliefs.
• Group Activity and Purpose: Groups exist to fulfill a need or objective (common goals), with continued interaction among members.

Cultural and Social Change

• Cultural Change: Culture changes constantly, through diffusion from other cultures, and convergence of cultures.
• Social Change: Observable alteration of social structures: roles, institutions, social groupings.
• Causes of Change: Social change is caused by myriad reasons, such as the interrelationship between physical changes, technology, and demographic changes, economics, environment and global events.

Methodology and Study of Sociology

• Method Importance: Methods are necessary to study social phenomena and to validate and describe research.
• Quantitative methods: Methods that use measurable data.
• Qualitative methods: Methods that use interpretations through observation discussions and other methods.
• Interdisciplinary nature: Requires collaboration and cross-referencing across disciplines and fields of study.