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What was a key consequence of the Act of Union in 1801 for Ireland?
What was a key consequence of the Act of Union in 1801 for Ireland?
The Tithe War began as a peaceful protest against mandatory payments to the Catholic Church.
The Tithe War began as a peaceful protest against mandatory payments to the Catholic Church.
False
Who led the mass movement for Catholic Emancipation in the 1820s?
Who led the mass movement for Catholic Emancipation in the 1820s?
Daniel O’Connell
The _____ blight was a critical cause of the Great Famine from 1845 to 1852.
The _____ blight was a critical cause of the Great Famine from 1845 to 1852.
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Which of the following did the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 NOT achieve?
Which of the following did the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829 NOT achieve?
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Match the following events with their significance:
Match the following events with their significance:
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The majority of land in Ireland was owned by Catholics during the 19th century.
The majority of land in Ireland was owned by Catholics during the 19th century.
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What was the effect of the Great Famine on the Irish population?
What was the effect of the Great Famine on the Irish population?
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What was the main outcome of the 1848 Rebellion?
What was the main outcome of the 1848 Rebellion?
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The Irish Tenant League was established to support higher rents for tenant farmers.
The Irish Tenant League was established to support higher rents for tenant farmers.
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Who was inspired by Wolfe Tone’s rebellion and sought independence?
Who was inspired by Wolfe Tone’s rebellion and sought independence?
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Thomas Kelly was a leader of the Fenian Risings in __________.
Thomas Kelly was a leader of the Fenian Risings in __________.
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Match the following events with their outcomes:
Match the following events with their outcomes:
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What was a significant consequence of the Fenian failures?
What was a significant consequence of the Fenian failures?
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The Home Rule Movement was successful in passing Home Rule Bills in Parliament by 1914.
The Home Rule Movement was successful in passing Home Rule Bills in Parliament by 1914.
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Who were the two prominent leaders of the struggle for Irish independence after the Easter Rising?
Who were the two prominent leaders of the struggle for Irish independence after the Easter Rising?
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The __________ executed leaders after the Easter Rising, swaying public opinion towards independence.
The __________ executed leaders after the Easter Rising, swaying public opinion towards independence.
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Which significant act was introduced in 1870 to help tenant farmers?
Which significant act was introduced in 1870 to help tenant farmers?
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The Great Famine had minimal impact on the calls for land reform in Ireland.
The Great Famine had minimal impact on the calls for land reform in Ireland.
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What was the name of the Irish political party that declared Ireland independent in 1918?
What was the name of the Irish political party that declared Ireland independent in 1918?
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Who became the Director of Intelligence for the Irish Republican Army (IRA)?
Who became the Director of Intelligence for the Irish Republican Army (IRA)?
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Éamon de Valera supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiated in 1921.
Éamon de Valera supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiated in 1921.
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Isaac Butt founded the __________ Association to campaign for Home Rule.
Isaac Butt founded the __________ Association to campaign for Home Rule.
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What major event happened on Bloody Sunday in 1920?
What major event happened on Bloody Sunday in 1920?
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Match the following individuals with their roles:
Match the following individuals with their roles:
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The _____ was established as a self-governing entity but remained part of the British Empire.
The _____ was established as a self-governing entity but remained part of the British Empire.
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Match the following figures with their roles:
Match the following figures with their roles:
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What motivated Michael Collins to sign the Anglo-Irish Treaty?
What motivated Michael Collins to sign the Anglo-Irish Treaty?
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The Irish Civil War was triggered by the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
The Irish Civil War was triggered by the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
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What was the primary tactic used by the IRA against British forces during the War of Independence?
What was the primary tactic used by the IRA against British forces during the War of Independence?
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The _____ replaced the policing arm of the Free State in 1922.
The _____ replaced the policing arm of the Free State in 1922.
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What was the outcome of the negotiations during the Truce of 1921?
What was the outcome of the negotiations during the Truce of 1921?
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The anti-Treaty IRA accepted the partition of Ireland.
The anti-Treaty IRA accepted the partition of Ireland.
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What was one major challenge faced by the Irish Free State after gaining independence?
What was one major challenge faced by the Irish Free State after gaining independence?
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The political party founded by Éamon de Valera after the Civil War was called _____ Fáil.
The political party founded by Éamon de Valera after the Civil War was called _____ Fáil.
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Match the following events with their descriptions:
Match the following events with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Socio-Economic Factors Leading to Irish Independence
- British Connection (Post-1690): Ireland's integration into the UK following the Act of Union (1801) fueled independence efforts.
- Social Divisions: Catholics were denied full political rights despite promises.
- Catholic Emancipation (1820s): Daniel O'Connell led a mass movement for equal rights; the Catholic Association pressed for reforms. The "Catholic Rent" ensured a broad base of support.
- Key Successes: The 1829 Catholic Emancipation Act granted Catholics parliamentary rights, but voting restrictions remained, frustrating those struggling with poverty.
- Tithe War: Widespread resistance to tithes (payments to the Protestant Church of Ireland) highlighted Catholic grievances but challenged O'Connell's standing in the community.
- Rural Economy: Overpopulation, minimal industrialization, and dependency on agriculture generated significant poverty. Farmland ownership was mainly Protestant-controlled.
- Land Ownership Imbalance: The disparity in land ownership intensified tensions between Protestants and Catholics, fueling the call for independence.
- The Great Famine (1845-52): Potato blight, evictions, and inadequate British response led to immense suffering and increased resentment towards British rule. Population loss topped 25%.
- Post-Famine Changes: Land consolidation exacerbated poverty and tenant struggles, further motivating demands for independence.
Political Factors Leading to Independence
- Land and Religious Divisions: Tensions between the predominantly Catholic population and Protestant landlords were central to nationalist movements.
- Repeal Association (1840): Led by Daniel O'Connell, the movement aimed to overturn the Act of Union, but it lost momentum following O'Connell's actions.
- Young Ireland (Post-1843): Favoring violence, this group agitated for independence, though their 1848 rebellion failed.
- Irish Tenant League (1850) and Independent Irish Party: These groups demanded fairer rents and addressed tenant issues but had limited longevity.
- Fenian Brotherhood and IRB (1858-1866): With international support from the Irish diaspora, the Fenians sought armed rebellion in Ireland.
External Factors Influencing the Movement
- Wolfe Tone's Rebellion (1798): Motivated by the French Revolution, it failed but was symbolic of Irish republicanism and the push for independence.
- Young Ireland Rebellion (1848): Inspired by European revolutions, this rebellion failed due to lack of widespread support and the famine's effects.
- Fenian Risings (1867): Though poorly organized, these attempts generated considerable public sympathy due to British tactics during the attempted rebellions (e.g., the execution of the Manchester Martyrs).
Methods Used in Independence Struggle
- The Fenian Risings: Primarily unsuccessful Irish republican attempts at rebellion.
- Home Rule Movement: Led by Isaac Butt & (later) Charles Stewart Parnell, the movement sought significant autonomy within the British Empire through various political means.
- The Land Question: A central issue with tenant farmers resisting unfair rents and demanding land reform—addressed through various Land Acts.
- Home Rule Campaigns: Parnell's leadership unified nationalist factions; three home rule bills failed to achieve independence (until 1922)
Revolutionary Nationalism and Independence (1914–1916)
- Third Home Rule Bill (1912): A crucial instigator for violent nationalist strategies, though delayed due to WWI.
- Easter Rising (1916): A key turning point; though crushed, the Rising sparked considerable sympathy; executions of leaders transformed the British actions from justified to morally questionable in public opinion.
- Rise of Sinn Féin (1916–1918): The rise of Sinn Féin during this time consolidated the political and military wings of the independence effort.
Roles of Key Figures
- Éamon de Valera: De Valera rose through Sinn Féin, representing Ireland's push for sovereignty despite initial absences during crucial moments. Played a significant political role.
- Michael Collins: Took a tactical and covert approach, leading the Irish Republican Army successfully against British forces and orchestrating guerrilla warfare. Later died in action.
- The Anglo-Irish Treaty (1921): A key moment highlighting divisions among nationalists. De Valera opposed the treaty; Collins signed to achieve a step towards independence.
Irish Independence: Why It Succeeded
- Warfare: Effective Guerrilla tactics and atrocities committed by the British military drove public opinion onto the side of the Irish.
- Propaganda: Sinn Féin used propaganda effectively to influence international and domestic opinion.
- Truce and Treaty: Military stalemate prompted negotiations and the Anglo-Irish Treaty, leading to dominion status and partition.
Political Challenges After Independence
- Partition and Republicans: Northern Ireland's refusal to participate in the Boundary Commission and the anti-Treaty IRA led to a significant civil war.
- Irish Civil War: A conflict between the pro-treaty and anti-treaty forces; considerable loss of life and long-lasting resentment.
- Political Opposition & Policing: The creation of the Garda Síochána and the rise of Fianna Fáil led to further political challenges
Economic and Social Challenges After 1922
- Economy: Ireland's economy remained dependent on agriculture and British markets; low industrial growth and limited welfare structures.
- Social Welfare: Social issues like unemployment and lack of comprehensive welfare schemes persisted.
- Religion: A close alliance with the Catholic Church had an impact on laws against divorce, birth control, and freedom of expression.
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Description
Explore the complex socio-economic factors that contributed to Irish independence from Britain. This quiz examines key events such as the Act of Union, Catholic Emancipation, and the Tithe War, as well as the socio-political landscape of Ireland in the 19th century. Gain insights into how social divisions and economic challenges fueled the independence movement.
