Home Rule Crisis
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Questions and Answers

During the Irish War of Independence, who fought against the British forces?

  • The Irish Republican Army (IRA) (correct)
  • The Ulster Special Constabulary (USC)
  • The British Army
  • The Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC)

    • What event in 1916 led to greater popular support for Irish independence?

  • The Easter Rising (correct)
  • The Soloheadbeg ambush
  • The December 1918 election
  • The formation of Dáil Éireann

    • Which political party won a landslide victory in the December 1918 election in Ireland?

  • The British Army
  • The Irish Republican Army (IRA)
  • The Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC)
  • Sinn Féin (correct)

    • What did Sinn Féin do on 21 January 1919?

    <p>Formed a breakaway government (Dáil Éireann) and declared Irish independence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did the British government take in September that intensified the conflict?

    <p>Outlawed the Dáil and Sinn Féin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the IRA primarily focus on in 1919?

    <p>Capturing weaponry and freeing republican prisoners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which paramilitary forces were part of the British forces during the Irish War of Independence?

    <p>The Auxiliaries and Ulster Special Constabulary (USC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who demanded Home Rule for Ireland from Britain in the 1870s?

    <p>Irish nationalists in the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the response of Ulster unionists to the granting of Home Rule in 1912?

    <p>They formed the Ulster Volunteers (UVF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Irish Volunteers?

    <p>To prepare for a revolt against British rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event led to the execution of the leaders of the Easter Rising?

    <p>The British response to the Rising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was second-in-command of the Irish Citizen Army during the Easter Rising?

    <p>Countess Markievicz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect did the British response to the Easter Rising have on Irish public opinion?

    <p>It caused outrage and shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the implementation of the Home Rule Act postponed in 1914?

    <p>Due to the outbreak of the First World War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who won the majority of Irish seats in the 1918 general election?

    <p>Sinn Féin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the First Dáil meet?

    <p>January 1919</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Sinn Féin pledge not to do?

    <p>Sit in the UK Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Irish Republican Army (IRA) formerly known as?

    <p>Irish Volunteers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which police force had the majority of its rank and file members as Irish Catholics?

    <p>Royal Irish Constabulary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many British troops were based in Ireland by July 1921?

    <p>50,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the head of the Dublin Castle administration in Ireland?

    <p>Lord Lieutenant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the British Cabinet's dual policy in response to the crisis caused by the German spring offensive?

    <p>Enact conscription into Ireland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many policemen in Ireland were killed by the IRA between 1919 and 1921?

    <p>513</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the conflict, which group of recruits from Britain became notorious for ill-discipline and reprisal attacks on civilians?

    <p>The Black and Tans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name given to the conflict due to the involvement of the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries?

    <p>The Black and Tan War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action of civil disobedience was notable during the conflict?

    <p>Refusal of Irish railwaymen to transport British forces or military supplies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event on Bloody Sunday in Dublin escalated the conflict in November 1920?

    <p>Assassination of fourteen civilians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which city was burnt out by British forces in reprisal for an ambush?

    <p>Cork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Government of Ireland Act create in May 1921?

    <p>Northern Ireland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the post-ceasefire talks in December 1921?

    <p>The signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Troubles in Northern Ireland, which group initially welcomed the British Army as a more neutral force than the RUC?

    <p>Catholics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT a main participant in the Troubles in Northern Ireland?

    <p>Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the deaths during the Troubles in Northern Ireland were caused by loyalist paramilitaries?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main focus of the republican paramilitaries during the Troubles in Northern Ireland?

    <p>Bombing campaign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were 'peace walls' built for during the Troubles in Northern Ireland?

    <p>To separate Protestants and Catholics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Northern Ireland peace process?

    <p>Paramilitary ceasefires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has happened since the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland?

    <p>Increased violence by dissident republican groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which years did the Troubles in Northern Ireland take place?

    <p>1960s to 1990s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the Troubles internationally?

    <p>The Northern Ireland Conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the conflict?

    <p>Political and nationalistic issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the two main sides in the conflict?

    <p>Unionists and Nationalists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Unionists and loyalists want for Northern Ireland?

    <p>To remain within the United Kingdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Irish nationalists and republicans want for Northern Ireland?

    <p>To join a united Ireland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sparked the conflict in the late 1960s?

    <p>A campaign against discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Irish Confederate Wars, which group emerged victorious?

    <p>The 'planters'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the goal of the Orange Order, founded in 1795?

    <p>To uphold the Protestant faith and loyalty to William of Orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What political framework was formed with the Acts of Union 1800?

    <p>The incorporation of Ireland into the United Kingdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused tensions and polarisation between communities in Ireland in the late 18th century?

    <p>The lifting of restrictions on Irish Catholic land ownership</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of people founded the republican Society of the United Irishmen?

    <p>Anglicans and Presbyterians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the failed Irish Rebellion of 1798?

    <p>Continued sectarian violence between Catholics and Protestants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Penal Laws curtail in Ireland?

    <p>The religious rights of Catholics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the late 19th and early 20th century, which two factions were the main political groups in Ireland?

    <p>Unionists and Home Rule advocates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the goal of the Irish Volunteers, formed in 1913?

    <p>To ensure enactment of the Third Home Rule Bill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which political party won the December 1918 general election in Ireland?

    <p>Sinn Féin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event temporarily averted possible civil war in Ireland and delayed the resolution of the question of Irish independence?

    <p>The outbreak of the First World War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the response of unionists to the campaign for Home Rule in the 1870s?

    <p>They resisted both self-government and independence for Ireland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Repeal Association campaign for in the late 19th century?

    <p>To repeal the 1801 Union</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the separatist Sinn Féin party pledge not to do?

    <p>To take their seats in the British Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Ulster Covenant, signed by unionists in 1912, pledge to resist?

    <p>Home Rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Home Rule movement seek to achieve?

    <p>The restoration of an Irish Parliament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Irish War of Independence

    • The Irish Republican Army (IRA) fought against the British forces.
    • The 1916 Easter Rising led to greater popular support for Irish independence.
    • Sinn Féin won a landslide victory in the December 1918 election in Ireland.
    • On 21 January 1919, Sinn Féin declared independence and established the First Dáil.

    Events Leading to the War

    • In the 1870s, Isaac Butt demanded Home Rule for Ireland from Britain.
    • Ulster unionists responded to the granting of Home Rule in 1912 with the Ulster Covenant, pledging to resist it.
    • The Irish Volunteers were formed in 1913 to achieve Home Rule.
    • The 1916 Easter Rising led to the execution of its leaders.
    • The British response to the Easter Rising increased Irish public opinion in favor of independence.

    Conflict Escalation

    • The British government took action in September 1919 that intensified the conflict.
    • The IRA primarily focused on guerrilla warfare in 1919.
    • The British forces included paramilitary forces like the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries.
    • The conflict was nicknamed the "Tan War" due to the involvement of these forces.

    Key Figures and Events

    • The Irish Citizen Army's second-in-command during the Easter Rising was Michael Mallin.
    • The British Cabinet's dual policy in response to the German spring offensive in 1918 led to the postponement of the Home Rule Act.
    • The head of the Dublin Castle administration in Ireland was Lord French.
    • By July 1921, there were 50,000 British troops based in Ireland.

    Later Events

    • The Government of Ireland Act created the Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland jurisdictions in May 1921.
    • The post-ceasefire talks in December 1921 led to the Anglo-Irish Treaty.
    • During the Troubles in Northern Ireland, the British Army was initially welcomed by nationalists.

    The Troubles

    • The conflict took place from the late 1960s to the late 1990s.
    • Another name for the Troubles is the Northern Ireland Conflict.
    • The primary cause of the conflict was the question of Northern Ireland's status.
    • The two main sides were unionists and loyalists, who wanted to maintain the union with Britain, and Irish nationalists and republicans, who wanted a united Ireland.
    • The conflict sparked in the late 1960s due to civil rights issues.

    Historical Background

    • The Irish Confederate Wars took place from 1641 to 1653.
    • The Orange Order was founded in 1795 to maintain Protestant supremacy.
    • The Acts of Union 1800 formed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
    • The Penal Laws curtailed Catholic rights in Ireland.
    • The late 18th century saw tensions and polarisation between communities due to the Protestant Ascendancy.
    • The republican Society of the United Irishmen was founded by Presbyterians.
    • The 1798 Irish Rebellion failed to achieve independence.
    • The late 19th and early 20th century saw two main political groups in Ireland: the Irish Parliamentary Party and Sinn Féin.

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    The Origins of the Conflict: Test your knowledge on the Home Rule Crisis and the demand for self-government in Ireland during the late 19th century. Explore the role of the Irish Parliamentary Party and fringe organizations like Sinn Féin in shaping the path towards Irish independence.

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