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Questions and Answers
What is the central process of social life?
Which of the following is NOT a function of socialization?
Enculturation is the process of being socialized into what?
Which term refers to the particular circumstances of society, including culture and social structures?
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What is the outcome of socialization?
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Which of the following is NOT a part of socialization?
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What is the significance of norms and values in socialization identity formation?
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How is conformity defined in the context of social norms?
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What type of status is acquired through individual effort or choice?
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According to Emile Durkheim, what function does deviance serve in society?
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What do Ronald W. Smith and Frederick W. Preston suggest are functions of deviance in a social system?
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In Robert K. Merton's deviance typology, which category involves accepting the cultural goals without rejecting the means to achieve them?
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Study Notes
Socialization and Identity Formation
- Identity is formed through interaction with other people, resulting in the development of norms, values, and status.
Norms and Values
- Norms are determined rules that guide people on what is right, wrong, proper, or improper.
- Values are the standards that define what is important or desirable.
Status
- A status is a label that implies certain roles that must be performed.
- A status set is a collection of social statuses that an individual holds.
- Types of social status:
- Ascribed status: determined by birth or personal characteristics.
- Achieved status: acquired through individual effort, merit, or choice.
Importance of Socialization
- Socialization helps form culture, sex role differentiation, and personality.
- Agents of socialization include:
- Family
- School
- Church
- Peer group
- Workplace
- Mass media
Conformity and Deviance
- Conformity: an act of submitting oneself to the norms and conventions of a society.
- Types of conformity:
- Compliance: acceptance of influence to achieve a favorable reaction from others.
- Internalization: genuine acceptance of group norms.
- Identification: maintaining a satisfying self-defining relationship with others.
- Integrational: gaining favor or acceptance from others.
Deviance
- Deviance: violating norms and causing a negative reaction.
- Functions of deviance:
- Serves as an outlet for diverse forms of experiences.
- Defines the limits of acceptable behavior.
- Promotes in-group solidarity.
- Serves as a barometer of social strain.
Sociological Theories of Deviance
- Functionalism theory: deviance serves a number of functions for society (Emile Durkheim).
- Strain theory: tension between socially approved goals and an individual's ability to meet those goals (Robert Merton).
Socialization and Enculturation
- Socialization: a lifelong process of social interaction, where people acquire their identities.
- Enculturation: the process of being socialized into a specific culture.
- Functions of socialization:
- Personality and role development.
- Skills and development training.
- Values formation.
- Social integration and adjustment.
- Social control and stability.
Quotes
- "No man is an island" (John Donne): every individual is a part of the larger society.
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Description
Test your knowledge on socialization and enculturation, including their context, content, processes, and consequences. Explore concepts such as social goals, advocacy, citizenship, and the promotion of human dignity and rights.
