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Questions and Answers
What is formal enculturation?
It refers to the process that begins during childhood by which individuals acquire the values, habits, and attitudes of a society through formal education.
What is primary socialization?
It happens immediately from birth and continues until adolescence, primarily influenced by family, school, and friends.
What happens during secondary socialization?
It continues throughout one's life as individuals encounter new situations, places, or groups of people.
Conformity refers to actions or behaviors that are in accordance with some specified standards or ______.
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What is compliance in the context of conformity?
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Identification is also called group acceptance.
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What is internalization in the context of conformity?
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What does enculturation entail?
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Study Notes
Socialization
- The process by which individuals acquire the values, habits, and attitudes of a society
- Starts in childhood and continues throughout life
- Examples: Family, school, and friends
- Two types: primary and secondary
Primary Socialization
- Happens immediately from birth until adolescence
- Focuses on acquiring values, attitudes, and behaviors from family, school, and friends
Secondary Socialization
- Occurs throughout one's life, especially as they encounter new situations, places, or groups of people
- Involves learning new norms, customs, assumptions, and values
Goals of Socialization
- Develop a conscience
- Prepare individuals to perform social roles
- Cultivate shared sources of meaning and value
Enculturation
- The process by which an individual learns the traditional content of a culture and assimilates its practices and values
- Two forms: formal and informal
Formal Enculturation
- Happens in institutions like school
- Involves formal education with a curriculum setting standards for knowledge, skills, and attitudes
Informal Enculturation
- Happens within the context of family and close friends
- Involves observing fellow citizens and reflecting on their characteristics and values
Conformity
- Actions or behaviors that align with specified standards or authorities
- Behaving like others do
- Involves adjusting attitudes, manners, and behavior to fit in
Three Types of Conformity (Herbert Kelman)
- Compliance: Shallowest level, complying to fit in, short-term change in behavior
- Identification: Building lasting relationships with a group, changing behavior to be part of the group
- Internalization: Deepest level, long-term change in behavior, genuine acceptance of values and behaviors
Deviance
- Any behavior that violates social norms and expectations
- Can be expressed through acts, behavior, or beliefs
Four Types of Deviance (Robert Merton)
- Conformity: Accepting both the goals of society and the traditional ways of achieving them
- Innovation: Accepting the goals of society but rejecting the traditional means of achieving them
- Ritualism: Rejecting the goals of society but adhering to the means of achieving them
- Retreatism: Rejecting both the goals of society and the traditional means of achieving them
- Rebellion: Rejecting both the goals of society and the traditional means of achieving them, actively working to replace them
The Promotion of Inclusivity, Human Dignity, and Rights and the Common Good
- Emphasizes creating a society that respects the rights and dignity of all individuals
- Promotes equality and justice for everyone
- Focuses on developing a shared responsibility for the well-being of society
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Description
Explore the concepts of socialization and enculturation, focusing on the processes through which individuals acquire values and habits from their environment. This quiz covers primary and secondary socialization, as well as the goals and forms of enculturation. Test your understanding of how societal values shape our behavior from childhood to adulthood.
