Questions and Answers
What are private charities?
An early approach to social work that involved private individuals and religious organizations providing material relief to the poor.
What does poor relief signify in social work?
It represents a progression from private charity to public welfare, where care for the poor is governed by law.
Who are considered the deserving poor?
People who were poor through no fault of their own and are seen as having good moral character.
Who are the undeserving poor?
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What is the Charity Organization Society?
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What was the goal of the Charity Organization Society regarding individuals?
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What was a key objective of the Charity Organization Society regarding class relationships?
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What was the aim of the Settlement House Movement?
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What is the Fabian Society?
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What does the term 'scientific philanthropy' refer to?
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What is case work in social work?
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Who was Charlotte Whitton?
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What did James Shaver Woodsworth observe?
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What happened during the Woodsworth Federal Election (Parliament 1921)?
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What was the Great Depression?
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What does a diagnostic approach in social work emphasize?
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What is the functional approach in social work?
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Study Notes
Private Charities
- Early form of social work involving individuals and religious organizations providing aid to the poor.
Poor Relief
- Transition from private charity to public welfare defined by laws establishing communal responsibility for the care of the poor.
Deserving Poor
- Individuals poor due to circumstances beyond their control; considered morally upright.
Undeserving Poor
- Individuals viewed as poor due to laziness or perceived moral failings; deemed unworthy of assistance.
Charity Organization Society
- British organization promoting self-help and minimal government intervention; aimed to use "scientific principles" to allocate aid effectively.
Goals of Charity Organization Society
- Restore self-sufficiency, moral integrity, and Christian values among the needy.
- Reestablish social bonds and obligations akin to feudal systems, fostering a social contract.
- Organize and regulate charity work for efficiency and stronger community ties.
Settlement House Movement
- Established in impoverished neighborhoods to provide food, shelter, and basic necessities through the efforts of wealthy benefactors and volunteers.
Fabian Society
- Influential British intellectual movement founded in 1884; aimed to promote social democracy through gradual reform rather than revolution.
Impact of the Fabian Society
- Played a key role in founding the British Labour Party, closely associated with the "new labour" ideology.
Scientific Philanthropy
- Early social work methodology that abandoned moral judgments in favor of a scientific approach to understanding human behavior and problem-solving.
Karl Marx
- Not explicitly defined in the text, but generally recognized as a philosopher and economist known for his critique of capitalism.
Case Work
- Methodical investigation, assessment, and decision-making in social work practices.
Charlotte Whitton
- Significant figure in Canadian social welfare; first female mayor of Ottawa in 1951.
James Shaver Woodsworth
- Critic of industrial capitalism in Canada and Britain; highlighted its failure to support working-class needs.
Woodsworth's Federal Election (1921)
- Elected as a member of Winnipeg North Centre; prioritized unemployment insurance in his legislative agenda.
Great Depression
- Global economic crisis starting with the U.S. stock market crash on October 29, 1929; lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s, leading up to WWII.
Diagnostic Approach
- Focuses on understanding an individual's issues by examining early life experiences and causative events.
Functional Approach
- Founded on the belief in individual autonomy and the potential for self-directed change.
Freudian Thought
- Not defined in the text, but typically relates to psychological theories developed by Sigmund Freud, emphasizing the role of unconscious motives in behavior.
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Test your knowledge with flashcards based on Chapter 3 of Social Work. This chapter covers key concepts such as private charities and poor relief, helping you understand the evolution of social welfare practices. Use these flashcards to reinforce your learning and prepare for assessments.