Social Stratification and Class Systems

A social system where individuals can move between different social classes based on their achievements and efforts.

Groups of people sharing similar economic, educational, and occupational positions within a society.

Marriages between people from different social classes, contributing to social mobility.

The process of moving up or down in a social hierarchy.

An ideal system where social status is solely determined by individual merit and effort.

The consistency of an individual's social ranking across different social factors like income, education, and occupation.

Social inequality rooted in systematic disadvantages based on factors like race, gender, or sexual orientation.

Behaviors, customs, and norms associated with different social classes, differentiating groups within a society.

The variation in wealth, status, and power among countries globally.

A theory that states different parts of society work together, each fulfilling a necessary function.

A theory that argues social stratification exists due to the exploitation of the working class by the wealthy.

A perspective that focuses on how individuals interact based on their social positions, influencing their perceptions and actions.

The idea that the more important a societal role is, the more reward it should receive.

The purchase and display of goods to signal social status.

The inequalities in access to resources and opportunities, based on a person's socioeconomic standing.

The process of assigning individuals to their social position at birth, with little to no opportunity for mobility. This is often based on family lineage, tradition, or religious beliefs.

The physical attributes and behaviors that are associated with a certain socioeconomic status.

A social system where individuals can move up or down in the social hierarchy based on their achievements, efforts, and opportunities.

A social system where individuals are born into their social position and remain there for life, with little to no possibility of changing their social status.

A hierarchical system of social organization based on hereditary factors, where individuals are born into their social status, typically determined by occupation, religion, or lineage.

The unequal distribution of resources, power, and opportunities across different social groups within a nation or globally, leading to disparities in wealth, income, health, and access to education.

The systemic and often invisible disadvantages faced by individuals and groups due to their social position, economic status, or other factors.

The economic and social structures that perpetuate and maintain inequality across different social classes.

Nations with advanced industrialization and high levels of economic and political power; they exploit resources from peripheral nations and control global trade.

Nations that are less developed industrially, with unstable governance and economies heavily reliant on core nations for resources and trade.

Nations situated between core and peripheral nations, possessing moderate industrialization and economic development, often exploiting peripheral nations.

The movement of capital from one nation to another, often leading to job losses in the source country.

The decline of manufacturing industries in a nation due to factors like capital flight and outsourcing, resulting in job losses and economic decline.

A situation where a nation owes significant amounts of money to other countries, often hindering its economic development.

A situation where individuals lack even the basic necessities for survival, including food, water, shelter, and healthcare.

A situation where individuals lack the resources to maintain the average standard of living in their society, even if they can afford basic necessities.

A term used by some to describe nations that have not industrialized, but are shifting towards a more inclusive view to avoid historical bias.

The wealthiest 85 individuals own more wealth than the bottom 3.5 billion people combined, highlighting the extreme disparity in global wealth distribution.

A measure of income inequality within a population where a score of 0 represents complete equality and 100 represents the highest possible inequality, with the world's GINI coefficient at 75.5%, indicating significant disparity.

A theoretical framework by Immanuel Wallerstein where global inequality is explained by an economic hierarchy. Nations with power and resources dominate those with less, creating dependence and inequalities.

A term used to describe countries, often classified as 'underdeveloped' or 'developing', which have not achieved the industrialization and wealth of 'developed' countries, but are undergoing a transition towards greater economic development.