Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following BEST describes the role of social skills in an individual's overall development?
Which of the following BEST describes the role of social skills in an individual's overall development?
- Social skills are crucial only for individuals with autism spectrum disorder but not for typically developing individuals.
- Social skills are essential for successful social, academic, and vocational functioning for all individuals. (correct)
- Social skills primarily affect academic success but have little impact on vocational functioning.
- Social skills are less important than academic skills and are mainly needed to increase acceptance from others.
Why is it important to 'thin' extrinsic reinforcement when teaching social skills?
Why is it important to 'thin' extrinsic reinforcement when teaching social skills?
- To transition the learner to being motivated by the social interaction itself. (correct)
- To ensure the learner remains motivated by tangible rewards.
- To encourage the learner to avoid social interactions.
- To make the learner more dependent on adult support.
A child with ASD consistently takes items from peers without asking. Which intervention targets manding from peers?
A child with ASD consistently takes items from peers without asking. Which intervention targets manding from peers?
- Teaching the child to independently take items they want.
- Teaching the child to request items from peers. (correct)
- Having the peer prompt the child to mand
- Having the child give preferred items to peers without any demands.
What is the primary goal of using textual prompts when teaching social skills?
What is the primary goal of using textual prompts when teaching social skills?
Which of the following is a primary focus when using Pivotal Response Training (PRT) to teach social skills?
Which of the following is a primary focus when using Pivotal Response Training (PRT) to teach social skills?
Which assessment tool includes a Socialization subscale providing a measure of how a child compares to peers?
Which assessment tool includes a Socialization subscale providing a measure of how a child compares to peers?
What is a key consideration when selecting social skills goals for a learner with ASD?
What is a key consideration when selecting social skills goals for a learner with ASD?
What does 'pairing peers with reinforcement' aim to achieve to teach learners with ASD engage with their peers?
What does 'pairing peers with reinforcement' aim to achieve to teach learners with ASD engage with their peers?
Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of social stories?
Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of social stories?
What is the purpose of using the “pause/transfer trial” during echoic or textual prompting?
What is the purpose of using the “pause/transfer trial” during echoic or textual prompting?
Which of the following is a common social skill deficit in children with ASD?
Which of the following is a common social skill deficit in children with ASD?
What is the role of rehearsal in Behavioral Skills Training (BST)?
What is the role of rehearsal in Behavioral Skills Training (BST)?
When is Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT) particularly useful for teaching social skills?
When is Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT) particularly useful for teaching social skills?
What is a common mistake when teaching social skills to learners with ASD regarding inclusive settings?
What is a common mistake when teaching social skills to learners with ASD regarding inclusive settings?
Which of these methods involves teaching learners in the moment, capturing opportunities as they naturally occur?
Which of these methods involves teaching learners in the moment, capturing opportunities as they naturally occur?
What is the BEST approach when using corrective feedback during Behavioural Skills Training (BST)?
What is the BEST approach when using corrective feedback during Behavioural Skills Training (BST)?
What is the primary reason for fading prompts when teaching social skills?
What is the primary reason for fading prompts when teaching social skills?
What is the role of video feedback in teaching social skills?
What is the role of video feedback in teaching social skills?
What is the purpose of directive sentences in social stories?
What is the purpose of directive sentences in social stories?
Why is it important to consider cultural contexts when teaching social skills?
Why is it important to consider cultural contexts when teaching social skills?
Which of the following is an example of a skill acquisition deficit?
Which of the following is an example of a skill acquisition deficit?
Which of the following describes the importance of teaching social skills?
Which of the following describes the importance of teaching social skills?
What is the purpose of 'Orientation to others' with physical prompting?
What is the purpose of 'Orientation to others' with physical prompting?
Which of the following answers shows what pro-social skills are covered by the program Skillstreaming?
Which of the following answers shows what pro-social skills are covered by the program Skillstreaming?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of sentences used in a social story?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three types of sentences used in a social story?
Given a child with ASD who often interrupts conversations, which of the following best illustrates using incidental teaching?
Given a child with ASD who often interrupts conversations, which of the following best illustrates using incidental teaching?
In the context of teaching social skills, what is meant by 'responsivity to a peer'?
In the context of teaching social skills, what is meant by 'responsivity to a peer'?
Which is the BEST approach when using peers as models and they are not responding as expected for a child with ASD?
Which is the BEST approach when using peers as models and they are not responding as expected for a child with ASD?
A child with autism is learning to play a turn-taking game. What is the MOST effective first step in using peer modeling?
A child with autism is learning to play a turn-taking game. What is the MOST effective first step in using peer modeling?
Individuals with ASD don't use attention-seeking behaviours to initiate social interaction and receive the reinforcement of being with and interacting with others. Which does the text mention these individuals do instead?
Individuals with ASD don't use attention-seeking behaviours to initiate social interaction and receive the reinforcement of being with and interacting with others. Which does the text mention these individuals do instead?
A therapist is using Behavioral Skills Training (BST) to teach a child how to appropriately greet a peer. After providing instructions, what is the next step?
A therapist is using Behavioral Skills Training (BST) to teach a child how to appropriately greet a peer. After providing instructions, what is the next step?
What is the recommended frequency for reviewing a social story with a learner who is about to apply the behaviour during the course of the day?
What is the recommended frequency for reviewing a social story with a learner who is about to apply the behaviour during the course of the day?
In what order of instruction should the components of Behavioural Skill Training take place?
In what order of instruction should the components of Behavioural Skill Training take place?
Which of the following resources provide a “how to” manual that covers assessment and strategies for social skills by teaching behavior management and peer acceptance?
Which of the following resources provide a “how to” manual that covers assessment and strategies for social skills by teaching behavior management and peer acceptance?
Flashcards
Social Skill Deficits (ASD)
Social Skill Deficits (ASD)
Functional behaviors often lacking in those with ASD.
Tools to Assess Social Skills
Tools to Assess Social Skills
ABLLS-R, VB-MAPP, DSM-V, VABS, SEEC, checklists/rating scales.
Skills for Social Skills Development
Skills for Social Skills Development
Exchanging greetings, using body language, initiating/responding interactions, taking turns, sharing, making eye contact.
Social Skill Deficits in ASD
Social Skill Deficits in ASD
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Factors When Selecting Goals
Factors When Selecting Goals
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Performance Deficit
Performance Deficit
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Skill Acquisition Deficit
Skill Acquisition Deficit
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Instructional Strategies for Social Skills
Instructional Strategies for Social Skills
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Prompting for Social Skills
Prompting for Social Skills
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Modeling Methods
Modeling Methods
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Social Stories
Social Stories
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Purpose of Social Stories
Purpose of Social Stories
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Peer Pairing
Peer Pairing
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Manding attention from peers
Manding attention from peers
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What is the BST?
What is the BST?
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Study Notes
- Social skills are vital for social, academic, and vocational success.
- Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often lack motivation to engage with others.
- It is important that adults are responsive and accommodating to children's specific social needs.
- Modules 10 and 11 review typical social skill development and assess social skill deficits.
- They discuss structured interventions to improve social skills for learners with autism.
Key Learning Outcomes for These Modules:
- Identify common social milestones in early childhood.
- Recognize deficits in socialization skills among individuals with ASD.
- Identify various assessment tools to pinpoint weaknesses in social skills.
- Describe different methods for assessing social skills.
- Identify factors to consider when selecting goals.
- Differentiate between acquisition and performance deficits.
- Describe various teaching tools for instructing students.
- Discuss instructional strategies for teaching social skills.
- Discuss the benefits of teaching social skills and common mistakes.
- List resources for teaching social skills.
Typical Social Skill Development:
- By one year:
- Smiles spontaneously
- Responds differently to strangers
- Pays attention to their name
- Responds to "no"
- Copies simple actions
- Between one and two years:
- Recognizes self in mirror/pictures
- Refers to self by name
- Plays independently; initiates play
- Imitates adult behaviors during play
- Helps put things away
- Between two and three years:
- Plays nearby other children
- Watches and briefly joins others' play
- Defends possessions
- Between three and four years:
- Begins playing house
- Uses objects symbolically in play
- Participates in group activities
- Knows gender identity
- Between three and four years:
- Joins group play, starts interacting
- Shares toys, takes turns
- Engages in dramatic play and acts out scenes
- Between four and five years:
- Plays and interacts with others
- Detailed and realistic dramatic play
- Plays dress-up
- Expresses curiosities about sex differences
- Between five and six years:
- Chooses friends
- Plays simple table games
- Plays competitive games
- Engages in cooperative play, including group decisions, role assignments, and fair play
Social Skills and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD):
- A key characteristic of ASD is a deficit in functional behaviors associated with social skills.
- Parents of children with autism commonly prioritize increasing their child's social skills.
Social Skill Deficits in ASD are Different than in Typically Developing Children:
- This includes impairment in nonverbal behaviors, like eye contact and facial expressions needed for social interactions.
- They struggle in peer relationships appropriate for their developmental level.
- They have a lack of spontaneous sharing of interests/achievements with others.
- They have a lack of social or emotional reciprocity.
- These impairments hinder joint attention, interest in others, spontaneous imitation, and physical behaviors, reducing ongoing social interaction opportunities.
- There is disinterest in peers due to lack of initiating/responding skills, leading to isolation
- Without peer relationship skills, individuals fail to grasp and follow the "hidden rules" of group interactions, leading to rejection.
- Individuals with ASD point to things they want, but not to get feedback from others, or even share enjoyment.
Various Skills That Foster the Development of Social Skills:
- Exchanging greetings
- Using appropriate body language
- Initiating interactions like play or conversations
- Responding to others' interactions
- Engaging in activities with others
- Taking turns
- Understanding and Using body language such as facial expressions
- Understanding and expressing emotions
- Giving compliments
- Friendship building
- Sharing
- Making eye contact
Assessing Social Skills:
- Crucial for identifying specific gaps in a learner's skill set with ASD, to enable appropriate programming.
- Assessment tools include:
- ABLLS-R and the VB MAPP, breaking skills into sequential steps
- The DSM-V, which psychiatrists rely on to determine ASD diagnoses
- The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS), provides a general measure of how the child compares to other children
- Vineland Social-Emotional Early Childhood Scales (SEEC)
- Social skills checklists and rating scales
Factors to Consider When Selecting Goals:
- Learner's current environment
- Age appropriateness
- Pre-requisite skills and the learner's current skill level
- Cultural contexts
Before Starting Skill Instruction It Must Be Determined If:
- Performance deficit: When the learner knows the skill, but is unmotivated to demonstrate it.
- Skill acquisition deficit: The learner hasn't mastered the skill mechanics, but is still motivated to try.
Teaching Social Skills:
- Placing a learner in a social setting alone will not lead to behavior change.
- Explicit teaching and external reinforcement may be needed, and then thinned over time.
- Common instructional strategies include:
- Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT)
- Social skills Incidental Teaching (NET)
- BST
- Pivotal Response Training (PRT)
- Verbal Behavior approach
Common teaching tools to implement your instructions:
- Prompts (echoic, physical, textual)
- Modelling (peer and video modelling)
- Video feedback
- Social stories
Instructional Strategies: Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT) and Social Skills
- Teaching social skills in a DTT setting is helpful for learners with fewer readiness skills in a controlled setting.
- Helping in development of ability to imitate others, make eye contact, identify objects and materials
Instructional Strategies: Incidental Teaching and Social Skills
- DTT can teach words and phrases to enable the learner to make initiations for and respond to others.
- Incidental teaching involves capturing opportunities to teach social skills as they happen.
Instructional Strategies: Behavioral Skills Training (BST):
- BST is a teaching method involving four major components:
- Modeling
- Instructions
- Rehearsal
- Feedback
- Modeling can occur both live or via video tutorials
- Feedback can be delivered immediately, or with delay through visual, or verbal feedback
Instructional Strategies: Pivotal Response Training (PRT):
- PRT focuses on motivation, response to multiple cues, self-management, initiations, and empathy.
Using a Verbal Behavior (VB) Approach to Teach Peer Socialization:
- Pair peers with reinforcement
- Manding from peers
- Following instructions from peers
- Manding for attention from peers
Prompting Tools:
- Echoic Prompts
- Physical Prompts
- Textual Prompts
- Rule Cards
Modelling Tools
- Peer Modelling
- Video Modelling
Video Feedback
- This tool involves the student watching themself demonstrating the learned behaviour to identify aspects they can improve on
Using Social Stories Tool:
The goal of writing social stories is:
- Give learners a reference perspective on other's thoughts, emotions and behavior
- Help the learner to predict the actions and assumptions of others
- Present information on social situations in a structured and consistent manner
- This tool involves describing relevant social situation to a learner to aid with how they are expected to act
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