Social Psychology Study Notes

Social Psychology Study Notes

• Participants perform tasks more accurately alone than in groups.
• Participants' estimates on a task converge (become more similar) over time.
• Cooperative social value orientation is characterized by a focus on group success and mutual benefit.
• Competitive social value orientation prioritizes individual success over collective outcomes.
• Conformity occurs when an individual's behavior aligns with that of a group, even if it conflicts with their own views.
• Superordinate goals are shared objectives that require collaboration and cooperation between individuals or groups.
• Informal roles are unwritten expectations about behavior within a group.
• Formal roles are explicit and assigned positions with specific responsibilities.
• Discrimination involves differential treatment based on group membership.
• Additive tasks involve individual contributions being summed to achieve a group goal.
• Conjunctive tasks require all members to succeed for the group to succeed.
• Disjunctive tasks are completed when one member successfully achieves the goal.
• Chameleon effect describes the unconscious tendency to mimic the behaviors of others.
• Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for and interpret information that confirms existing beliefs.
• Prejudice involves negative attitudes towards members of a group.
• Deindividuation is the loss of self-awareness and personal responsibility in a group setting.
• Groupthink occurs when a group's desire for harmony overrides critical thinking and leads to poor decisions.
• Group polarization is the tendency for group discussion to strengthen pre-existing opinions.
• Ingroup homogeneity effect is the tendency to perceive members of one's own group as more diverse than members of other groups.
• Expressive roles focus on maintaining group morale and emotional well-being.
• Instrumental roles are focused on achieving tasks and goals.
• Normative social influence occurs when an individual conforms to avoid disapproval or gain acceptance from a group.
• Osborn's rules for brainstorming suggest that it can be an effective practice, despite some common misconceptions.
• Dominant response is the most likely or automatic response in a given situation.
• Social loafing is the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when working in a group than when working alone.
• Social facilitation is the tendency for the presence of others to enhance performance on simple tasks but impair performance on complex tasks.
• Stereotyping is based on overgeneralized beliefs about a group.
• Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a measure of implicit biases and attitudes.
• Minimal group effect is the tendency for individuals to favor their own group, even when the group is arbitrary.
• Door-in-the-face technique involves making a large request followed by a smaller, more reasonable request.
• Norm of reciprocity is the social expectation that favors should be returned.
• Self-concept is an individual's perception of themselves.
• Confirmation bias refers to the tendency to favor information that confirms existing beliefs.
• Dehumanization is a stage of genocide where outgroups are equated with animals, leading to further violence.
• Attribution is the process of explaining the causes of behavior.
• Social loafing is reduced effort in a group setting, leading to worse performance than individual work.
• Social facilitation is increased arousal in the presence of others, leading to better performance on simple tasks and worse performance on complex tasks.
• Bystander effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help in an emergency when other people are present.

This quiz covers key concepts in social psychology, focusing on group dynamics, social value orientations, and roles within groups. Understand how conformity, discrimination, and cooperative strategies influence behavior. Test your knowledge on the mechanisms behind social interactions and collective goals.