Podcast
Questions and Answers
Oliver tells Kate that his dad took a second job at the mall over the holiday season. Oliver’s dad has a long white beard, a round belly, and a jolly laugh, so Kate guesses that he worked as a mall Santa. Kate is probably relying on which of the following in making this judgment?
Oliver tells Kate that his dad took a second job at the mall over the holiday season. Oliver’s dad has a long white beard, a round belly, and a jolly laugh, so Kate guesses that he worked as a mall Santa. Kate is probably relying on which of the following in making this judgment?
- Representativeness (correct)
- System 2
- Anchoring and adjustment
- Regression to the mean
- Prior probabilities
Ben and Eva are Honours students collecting data on the correlation between fruit consumption and IQ among UBC students. Ben runs 5 participants/week, Eva runs 20. The average UBC student IQ is 125. This week, Ben's participants have an average IQ of 140, while Eva's have an average of 123. Based on statistical reasoning, what is most likely true?
Ben and Eva are Honours students collecting data on the correlation between fruit consumption and IQ among UBC students. Ben runs 5 participants/week, Eva runs 20. The average UBC student IQ is 125. This week, Ben's participants have an average IQ of 140, while Eva's have an average of 123. Based on statistical reasoning, what is most likely true?
- Ben’s participants had an average IQ of 140 (correct)
- Jake will guess that Eva’s participants had an average IQ of 140
- Eva’s participants had an average IQ of 140
- Jake will guess that Ben’s participants had an average IQ of 140
The study by Kelly in which a guest professor gave a lecture best illustrates which of the following ideas?
The study by Kelly in which a guest professor gave a lecture best illustrates which of the following ideas?
- Misconceptions of chance
- Science is a conversation
- The power of the situation (correct)
- Misconceptions of regression
- The importance of subjective construal
A classmate found this week's reading confusing when they did it before watching the videos. Which example or study best supports the recommendation to do the reading AFTER watching the videos?
A classmate found this week's reading confusing when they did it before watching the videos. Which example or study best supports the recommendation to do the reading AFTER watching the videos?
Lin and Kia are math majors working on the same problem sets. Lin's TA suggests 30 minutes per problem, Kia's suggests 2 hours. Lin spends 45 minutes, Kia spends 90 minutes. Which study/example explains why Kia spends twice as much time as Lin on the same problems?
Lin and Kia are math majors working on the same problem sets. Lin's TA suggests 30 minutes per problem, Kia's suggests 2 hours. Lin spends 45 minutes, Kia spends 90 minutes. Which study/example explains why Kia spends twice as much time as Lin on the same problems?
Which of the following best describes the representativeness heuristic?
Which of the following best describes the representativeness heuristic?
Which bias is most evident when people overestimate the likelihood of dying in a plane crash after seeing extensive media coverage of a recent plane crash?
Which bias is most evident when people overestimate the likelihood of dying in a plane crash after seeing extensive media coverage of a recent plane crash?
A researcher initially estimates the average height of students to be 5'8", but after meeting several exceptionally tall students, adjusts the estimate to 5'10". What cognitive bias could be influencing this adjustment?
A researcher initially estimates the average height of students to be 5'8", but after meeting several exceptionally tall students, adjusts the estimate to 5'10". What cognitive bias could be influencing this adjustment?
Imagine a person is asked whether more words in the English language start with the letter 'K' or have 'K' as their third letter. Most people answer that more words start with 'K' because those words are easier to recall. This is an example of:
Imagine a person is asked whether more words in the English language start with the letter 'K' or have 'K' as their third letter. Most people answer that more words start with 'K' because those words are easier to recall. This is an example of:
A doctor diagnoses a patient with a rare disease after seeing a few patients with similar symptoms, without considering the actual prevalence of the disease in the general population. This is an example of:
A doctor diagnoses a patient with a rare disease after seeing a few patients with similar symptoms, without considering the actual prevalence of the disease in the general population. This is an example of:
After watching a political debate, a person only remembers the arguments that support their own political views, while forgetting the arguments made by the opposing candidate. This is an example of:
After watching a political debate, a person only remembers the arguments that support their own political views, while forgetting the arguments made by the opposing candidate. This is an example of:
A student consistently scores high on exams. Despite a difficult exam where they perform poorly, their professor believes their future performance will regress towards their average score. This belief is rooted in:
A student consistently scores high on exams. Despite a difficult exam where they perform poorly, their professor believes their future performance will regress towards their average score. This belief is rooted in:
In a scenario where a person is trying to estimate the value of a house, they start with the initial listing price and then make adjustments based on the condition and location. Which cognitive bias is most likely at play?
In a scenario where a person is trying to estimate the value of a house, they start with the initial listing price and then make adjustments based on the condition and location. Which cognitive bias is most likely at play?
A person believes that all librarians are quiet and introverted. They meet a librarian who is outgoing and talkative, but they still maintain their original belief because they think this librarian is an exception to the rule. This is an example of:
A person believes that all librarians are quiet and introverted. They meet a librarian who is outgoing and talkative, but they still maintain their original belief because they think this librarian is an exception to the rule. This is an example of:
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of 'belief perseverance'?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of 'belief perseverance'?
Suppose you’re trying to sell your used car. You initially ask for a high price, knowing it’s more than the car is worth, to influence potential buyers. This tactic is an example of:
Suppose you’re trying to sell your used car. You initially ask for a high price, knowing it’s more than the car is worth, to influence potential buyers. This tactic is an example of:
A person reads an article suggesting that eating chocolate improves memory. They start eating chocolate every day and only remembers instances where their memory felt sharper, ignoring times when it didn't. This behavior illustrates which of the following?
A person reads an article suggesting that eating chocolate improves memory. They start eating chocolate every day and only remembers instances where their memory felt sharper, ignoring times when it didn't. This behavior illustrates which of the following?
John consistently gets high grades in math. In his statistics class, he scored exceptionally low on one quiz. Assuming regression to the mean, what is his most likely performance on the next quiz?
John consistently gets high grades in math. In his statistics class, he scored exceptionally low on one quiz. Assuming regression to the mean, what is his most likely performance on the next quiz?
Which of the following is an example of neglecting base rate information?
Which of the following is an example of neglecting base rate information?
Flashcards
Representativeness Heuristic
Representativeness Heuristic
Judging based on how similar something is to a typical example.
Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic
Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic
In making judgments, people tend to start from an initial anchor, based on the first piece of information and adjust from there.
System 2 Thinking
System 2 Thinking
System 2 is analytical and consciously deployed when making decisions.
Sample Size & Extreme Results
Sample Size & Extreme Results
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Power of the Situation
Power of the Situation
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Reading After Videos
Reading After Videos
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Availability Heuristic
Availability Heuristic
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Study Notes
- When Kate guesses Oliver’s dad worked as a mall Santa because he has a long white beard, a round belly, and a jolly laugh, she is relying on representativeness in making this judgment.
- Ben runs 5 participants per week while Eva runs 20.
- The average IQ among UBC students is 125.
- One week, Ben's participants have an average IQ of 140, and Eva’s participants have an average IQ of 123.
- Ben’s participants likely had an average IQ of 140 because with a smaller sample size, the results are more likely to deviate from the average.
- The study by Kelly in which a guest professor gave a lecture illustrates the power of the situation.
- To support the recommendation to do the reading after watching the videos, you should remind your classmate about the study in which teachers were told that some students would bloom.
- Lin’s TA tells his students to spend 30 minutes on problem sets, and Kia’s TA tells her students to spend 2 hours.
- Lin spends 45 minutes and Kia spends 90 minutes on the problem sets.
- The study in which people recalled 6 or 12 times they behaved assertively can explain why Kia is spending twice as much time as Lin on the problem sets.
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