Social Psychology Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is cognitive dissonance?

  • The feeling of being included in society
  • A type of social influence
  • When beliefs do not align with each other or behavior (correct)
  • When attitudes and behaviors align

    • Cognitive consistency is the desired cognitive state where beliefs and behaviors align.

    True

    Define alienation in the context of social behaviors.

    Alienation is the feeling of being disconnected or not included in society or a group.

    ____ is when you learn about your culture and it becomes part of your identity.

    <p>Enculturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of conformity with its definition:

    <p>Compliance = Change your behavior to fit in with a group, regardless of agreement Identification = Adopting behaviors or beliefs to be like someone admired Alienation = Feeling disconnected from society or a group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of social change?

    <p>It is intentional and planned.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social movements aim to create change only for limited parts of the population.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one force that impacts social change.

    <p>Powerful individuals/groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People often fear change because of the associated feelings of the __________ and uncertainty.

    <p>unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of social movement with its description:

    <p>Alternative = Limited change for a select group Redemptive = Radical change for a select group Reformative = Partial change for everyone Revolutionary = Radical change for everyone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of true behavior change?

    <p>Identity change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maintenance stage of behavior change lasts for at least 3 months.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are habits?

    <p>Behaviors that have been repeated enough to become automatic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In classical conditioning, a stimulus-response pattern refers to any object/event that causes a __________.

    <p>reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of change with their explanations:

    <p>Pre-contemplation = Refusal and denial about the problem Contemplation = Questioning and vulnerability Action = Commitment to changing behavior Termination = No longer needing to actively work on the behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do individuals start investigating how their behavior affects them?

    <p>Preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Operant conditioning demonstrates that behavior is diminished if followed by reinforcement.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people reaches the termination stage in behavior change?

    <p>20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reinforcement involves the removal of an aversive stimulus?

    <p>Negative reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Positive punishment involves the removal of a desirable stimulus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of social learning theory?

    <p>Learning from others in a social context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In systematic desensitization, a person is gradually exposed to anxiety-triggering stimuli while trained in ______ techniques.

    <p>relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes a person who opposes technological advancements?

    <p>Luddite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of learning and their characteristics:

    <p>Social learning = Learning that occurs in a social context Trial and error = Changing behavior through repeated attempts Flooding = Rapid exposure to feared stimuli Systematic desensitization = Gradual exposure coupled with relaxation techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'attention' phase in the modeling process require?

    <p>Paying attention to the behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Technostress refers to a positive feeling that comes from using technology effectively.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to social learning theory, motivation is not necessary to reproduce a behavior.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the constant change and evolution of technologies?

    <p>Transforming technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phenomenon where breaking up your attention can reduce concentration is called ______.

    <p>fragmenting attention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effectiveness rate of flooding therapy when properly conducted?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Future shock = A disorganization due to rapid societal and technological changes Magic of maybe = The dopamine increase from checking social media notifications Attention economy = The competitive race for capturing attention Social media depression = Reduced life satisfaction linked to social media use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of internet addiction disorder?

    <p>Withdrawal symptoms when not online</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only a small percentage of the population is addicted to the internet, around 2-5%.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average amount of time people spend on social networks globally per day?

    <p>2.5 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The increase in suicide rates for Canadian girls aged 10-14 since 2007 is _____%.

    <p>105</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following smartphone impacts with their effects:

    <p>Enhances communication = Facilitates connections Increases distraction = Reduces cognitive capacity Promotes social interaction = May lead to isolation Fosters creativity = Can decrease focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to social media statistics, what percentage of Canadians believed that social media was beneficial in 2023?

    <p>18%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Technological determinism suggests that humans control technology.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to cognitive capacity when your phone is out of the room?

    <p>It improves by 11%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Change

    • Social change is the alteration of how people live and interact in a society over time. This includes shifting social norms, behaviors, and institutions.
    • Social change is often driven by factors such as technology, economics, and social movements.
    • Social change occurs everywhere, but the rate varies.
    • Often change is unplanned, but sometimes intentional.
    • Even planned change can have unintended consequences.
    • Often social change generates controversy.

    Forces Impacting Change

    • Powerful groups and individuals
    • Cost
    • Traditional values
    • Social movements

    Types of Social Movements

    • Alternative: Focuses on a specific part of the population and seeks limited change. Examples include MADD and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA).
    • Redemptive: Aims to change a specific part of the population by seeking radical change. An example is a cult.
    • Reformative: Affects everyone, but aims for partial change. Examples might include environmental movements.
    • Revolutionary: Seeks radical change across the entire population. Examples might include communist revolutions.

    Why People Fear Change

    • Uncertainty feels similar to failure in the brain, leading many to avoid it. Uncomfortable associated feelings are a deterrent.
    • Fear of the unknown
    • Self-doubt
    • Feeling isolated
    • Fear of responsibility
    • Diffusion of responsibility (no one is taking action)
    • Difficulty to realize other options
    • Clinging to "stuff" (ex: jobs, routines)

    Key Terms

    • Enculturation: Learning and internalizing cultural norms.
    • Advocacy research: Research used to advocate for a group.
    • Alienation: Feeling disconnected and not included in society or a group.
    • Conformity: Adhering to societal norms.
    • Cognitive consistency: Alignment of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
    • Cognitive dissonance: Disagreement between attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.

    Conformity

    • Conformity is a change in belief or behavior to align with others' norms. This is often due to real or perceived social pressure.
    • Compliance: Changing behavior to fit in with a group even if you don't agree.
    • Identification: Adopting behavior or beliefs to be like someone you admire or to fit in with a group.
    • Internalization: Truly adopting a group's beliefs or behaviors.

    Groupthink

    • Groupthink occurs when the desire to be part of a group leads to poor decision-making.
    • A groupthink dynamic can be characterized by strong group identity, a charismatic leader, low knowledge of the issue, and high stress.

    Cults

    • Cults are small religious groups with beliefs considered extreme and dangerous by many.
    • Cults often have a charismatic leader, emphasize loyalty, and exercise total control over members.

    Commitment Theory

    • Making a public commitment to a course of action creates pressure to follow through with the action.

    Communication Accommodation Theory

    • People conform to communication patterns based on their relationship with others.

    Reciprocity Norm

    • If someone helps you out, you feel obligated to return the favour.

    Informational Social Influence

    • People look to others for guidance in uncertain situations.

    Impression Management

    • People carefully manage how they present themselves to others.

    Pluralistic Ignorance

    • In a group, people may assume everyone else agrees, even if they don't want to do something, leading to inaction.

    Social Impact Theory

    • Likelihood of social influence increases with relationship strength, number of people, and closeness.

    Atomic Habits

    • Small, consistent habits, even if seemingly insignificant, create major impact over time.
    • True behavior change comes from changing your identity.

    Behaviour Modification

    • Treatment approach using learning techniques to modify behavior.
    • Stages of Change: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, Termination

    Classical Conditioning

    • A stimulus-response pattern where a neutral stimulus is paired with a response-producing stimulus, leading to a similar response by the neutral stimulus.

    Operant Conditioning

    • Behavior is strengthened or diminished based on consequences.

    Social Learning Theory

    • Learning occurs through observation, modelling, and imitation.
    • Key components are attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.

    Flooding

    • Exposure therapy for phobias, rapidly exposing people to what they are afraid of.

    Systematic Desensitization

    • Gradual reduction of anxiety through associating relaxation with increasing anxiety-provoking stimuli.

    Technology and Change

    • Social technology: enhances human interaction, e.g., social media, phones.
    • Biological technology: improves human body functions.
    • Physical technology: changes methods and efficiency.
    • Transforming technology: consistently changes and evolves, often impacting societies and cultures.
    • Hyperculture: refers to the increasing rate of change in technologically advanced cultures.
    • Technostress: stress resulting from technology difficulties or overload.

    Attention Engineer

    • People who design products to be as addictive as possible. A crucial skill is exploiting behavioural psychology.

    Internet Addiction Disorder

    • Symptoms are similar to other substance addictions, including withdrawal symptoms. DSM does not include it as a disorder.

    Technology

    • Mcluhan's laws: examining how technologies enhance, make obsolete and retrieve aspects of the past.
    • Examples might include landline phones in comparison to smartphones.
    • Social trends: large-scale changes in attitudes and behaviors.
    • Demography: the study of human populations (differences in age groups, birth rates, death rates, etc.)
    • Population pyramids: visual aids in demography to show trends.
    • Social trends: Analyzing demographic groups to reveal patterns. (Baby Boomers, Gen X/Y/Z, and Alpha.)
    • Fertility trends: factors influencing fertility rates (medical issues, cultural attitudes, demographic changes, etc.)

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    Related Documents

    Social Change Notes PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of key concepts in social psychology, including cognitive dissonance, conformity, and social change. This quiz will challenge your knowledge with definitions and matching questions related to behavior change and cultural identity.

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