Podcast
Questions and Answers
What characterizes a formal group in an organization?
What characterizes a formal group in an organization?
- It is formed spontaneously among employees.
- It is structured with designated work assignments. (correct)
- It focuses primarily on social interactions.
- It consists of individuals who share a social bond.
Which of the following best describes an informal group in a workplace setting?
Which of the following best describes an informal group in a workplace setting?
- A group that operates under strict performance guidelines.
- A group with a defined hierarchical structure.
- A team created for specific organizational projects.
- A group formed to meet the need for social interaction. (correct)
Why do people often have strong feelings about the groups they belong to?
Why do people often have strong feelings about the groups they belong to?
- Group membership is irrelevant to personal identity.
- Strong feelings stem merely from competition.
- Group dynamics have no effect on individual behavior.
- Shared experiences can enhance emotional bonds. (correct)
What aspect does social identity theory focus on?
What aspect does social identity theory focus on?
In what scenarios are informal groups likely to form?
In what scenarios are informal groups likely to form?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of a formal group?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of a formal group?
How does a shared painful experience influence group dynamics?
How does a shared painful experience influence group dynamics?
What is one primary reason fans identify strongly with their sports teams?
What is one primary reason fans identify strongly with their sports teams?
What is the primary emotional reaction individuals have to the outcomes of their group according to social identity theory?
What is the primary emotional reaction individuals have to the outcomes of their group according to social identity theory?
What can happen when a social identity is threatened?
What can happen when a social identity is threatened?
Which scenario best illustrates 'ingroup favoritism'?
Which scenario best illustrates 'ingroup favoritism'?
Why do social identities contribute to better health and lower levels of depression?
Why do social identities contribute to better health and lower levels of depression?
What is 'collective identification' within a work group?
What is 'collective identification' within a work group?
What outcome is likely if individuals have low identification with their organizations?
What outcome is likely if individuals have low identification with their organizations?
How might the presence of ingroups and outgroups lead to discrimination?
How might the presence of ingroups and outgroups lead to discrimination?
What is social identity threat similar to?
What is social identity threat similar to?
What describes relational identification within the workplace?
What describes relational identification within the workplace?
When individuals celebrate the failure of a rival group, what feeling are they demonstrating?
When individuals celebrate the failure of a rival group, what feeling are they demonstrating?
What factor might increase susceptibility to ingroup favoritism?
What factor might increase susceptibility to ingroup favoritism?
How can social identities fluctuate throughout a person's life?
How can social identities fluctuate throughout a person's life?
What is a potential negative outcome of strong religious identification in communities?
What is a potential negative outcome of strong religious identification in communities?
What characterizes a formal group in an organizational context?
What characterizes a formal group in an organizational context?
Which statement best describes an informal group?
Which statement best describes an informal group?
What does social identity theory suggest about people's feelings towards their groups?
What does social identity theory suggest about people's feelings towards their groups?
Schadenfreude refers to the feeling of pleasure from which of the following?
Schadenfreude refers to the feeling of pleasure from which of the following?
How can social identities contribute to mental health, according to research?
How can social identities contribute to mental health, according to research?
What type of identification occurs when individuals connect due to their organizational roles?
What type of identification occurs when individuals connect due to their organizational roles?
Which scenario illustrates collective identification?
Which scenario illustrates collective identification?
What is a consequence of feeling social identity threat among individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds?
What is a consequence of feeling social identity threat among individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds?
Why do people often feel strong emotions connected to their groups?
Why do people often feel strong emotions connected to their groups?
What is an example of a formal group within an organization?
What is an example of a formal group within an organization?
In what manner do social identities commonly affect individual self-definition?
In what manner do social identities commonly affect individual self-definition?
The director of human resources at a Nissan plant also conducts which activity that reflects informal group dynamics?
The director of human resources at a Nissan plant also conducts which activity that reflects informal group dynamics?
Using a U.S. expatriate in Rome as an example, what can influence the salience of social identities?
Using a U.S. expatriate in Rome as an example, what can influence the salience of social identities?
What can result from a group's underperformance according to social identity theory?
What can result from a group's underperformance according to social identity theory?
What is typically a consequence of low identification with an organization?
What is typically a consequence of low identification with an organization?
What is ingroup favoritism?
What is ingroup favoritism?
Which personality traits are associated with susceptibility to ingroup favoritism?
Which personality traits are associated with susceptibility to ingroup favoritism?
Which identity may become more significant during relocation, such as moving from one city to another?
Which identity may become more significant during relocation, such as moving from one city to another?
What term is used to describe the group that is identified as 'not belonging' to the ingroup?
What term is used to describe the group that is identified as 'not belonging' to the ingroup?
What is a characteristic of formal groups in an organization?
What is a characteristic of formal groups in an organization?
How can social identities impact mental health and well-being?
How can social identities impact mental health and well-being?
What are the two types of identification within an organization?
What are the two types of identification within an organization?
How does social identity threat impact individuals from devalued groups?
How does social identity threat impact individuals from devalued groups?
What can happen when individuals experience low identification with their organizations?
What can happen when individuals experience low identification with their organizations?
What psychological concept explains why people emotionally react to their group's successes or failures?
What psychological concept explains why people emotionally react to their group's successes or failures?
Which factor is suggested to increase susceptibility to ingroup favoritism?
Which factor is suggested to increase susceptibility to ingroup favoritism?
What is one potential behavior individuals might exhibit when their social identity is threatened?
What is one potential behavior individuals might exhibit when their social identity is threatened?
What does social identity threat cause individuals to fear?
What does social identity threat cause individuals to fear?
Which of the following best describes informal groups?
Which of the following best describes informal groups?
What is likely to occur when group members share painful experiences together?
What is likely to occur when group members share painful experiences together?
What happens to individuals' self-image when their group is successful?
What happens to individuals' self-image when their group is successful?
Why might someone have conflicting social identities?
Why might someone have conflicting social identities?
What is the relationship between social identities and health outcomes?
What is the relationship between social identities and health outcomes?
Ingroup favoritism can lead to which of the following outcomes?
Ingroup favoritism can lead to which of the following outcomes?
What is the result of encouraging low-status individuals in high-pressure situations?
What is the result of encouraging low-status individuals in high-pressure situations?
Which factor does NOT influence group identity according to social identity theory?
Which factor does NOT influence group identity according to social identity theory?
Which statement is true regarding members of formal groups?
Which statement is true regarding members of formal groups?
How do members of an ingroup typically perceive their outgroup?
How do members of an ingroup typically perceive their outgroup?
What happens to an ingroup if it becomes deeply involved in religious practices?
What happens to an ingroup if it becomes deeply involved in religious practices?
What role does social contact play in the formation of informal groups?
What role does social contact play in the formation of informal groups?
What effect does low identification with one's organization have on job applications?
What effect does low identification with one's organization have on job applications?
Individuals with low openness and/or low agreeableness are particularly prone to which phenomenon?
Individuals with low openness and/or low agreeableness are particularly prone to which phenomenon?
Social identity threat can impact which aspect of an individual's performance?
Social identity threat can impact which aspect of an individual's performance?
What is a primary characteristic of norms in a group?
What is a primary characteristic of norms in a group?
The tendency for group members to influence one another emotionally can lead to which of the following?
The tendency for group members to influence one another emotionally can lead to which of the following?
Which of the following is an example of conformity in a group setting?
Which of the following is an example of conformity in a group setting?
What was a significant finding from Solomon Asch's conformity studies?
What was a significant finding from Solomon Asch's conformity studies?
How do norms affect group behaviors according to the research?
How do norms affect group behaviors according to the research?
What does social identity threat particularly relate to?
What does social identity threat particularly relate to?
Which aspect of group norms influences emotional experiences among members?
Which aspect of group norms influences emotional experiences among members?
Ingroup and outgroup dynamics can be heavily influenced by what factor?
Ingroup and outgroup dynamics can be heavily influenced by what factor?
What is a likely outcome when individuals experience strong social identity threat?
What is a likely outcome when individuals experience strong social identity threat?
What do researchers mean when they say norms dictate shared emotions?
What do researchers mean when they say norms dictate shared emotions?
What drives an individual’s pressure to conform to group norms?
What drives an individual’s pressure to conform to group norms?
What was the primary conclusion of the Hawthorne Studies regarding worker productivity?
What was the primary conclusion of the Hawthorne Studies regarding worker productivity?
Which of the following statements best reflects the effect of norms on employee behavior?
Which of the following statements best reflects the effect of norms on employee behavior?
What does the term 'reference groups' refer to in the context of conformity?
What does the term 'reference groups' refer to in the context of conformity?
According to the content, what percentage of participants gave a nonconforming response at least once during the study?
According to the content, what percentage of participants gave a nonconforming response at least once during the study?
How did the concept of special status influence the performance of the small group of women in the Hawthorne Studies?
How did the concept of special status influence the performance of the small group of women in the Hawthorne Studies?
What was a key finding regarding the relationship between positive cooperation norms and group behaviors?
What was a key finding regarding the relationship between positive cooperation norms and group behaviors?
What was the impact of group norms on worker output in the bank wiring observation room?
What was the impact of group norms on worker output in the bank wiring observation room?
Why might strong positive norms enhance creativity in gender-diverse groups?
Why might strong positive norms enhance creativity in gender-diverse groups?
What did participants in the challenging experiment generally prefer over conformity?
What did participants in the challenging experiment generally prefer over conformity?
Which behavior was NOT associated with group norm enforcement in the Hawthorne Studies?
Which behavior was NOT associated with group norm enforcement in the Hawthorne Studies?
What does it imply if individuals do not conform to all the groups they belong to?
What does it imply if individuals do not conform to all the groups they belong to?
What can be inferred about the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives?
What can be inferred about the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives?
How did researchers manipulate environmental factors during the Hawthorne Studies?
How did researchers manipulate environmental factors during the Hawthorne Studies?
How do informal groups typically affect individuals in a work environment?
How do informal groups typically affect individuals in a work environment?
Which theory explains why individuals feel strongly about their groups?
Which theory explains why individuals feel strongly about their groups?
What can result from the success of a group as per social identity theory?
What can result from the success of a group as per social identity theory?
What does relational identification involve?
What does relational identification involve?
Which aspect of social identity is emphasized when individuals connect through their collective characteristics?
Which aspect of social identity is emphasized when individuals connect through their collective characteristics?
What can low identification with a group lead to in an organizational context?
What can low identification with a group lead to in an organizational context?
Why might social identities be significant to people?
Why might social identities be significant to people?
What is one reason people identify with specific groups over time?
What is one reason people identify with specific groups over time?
In what scenario might a person feel schadenfreude regarding another group?
In what scenario might a person feel schadenfreude regarding another group?
What does the informal group typically fulfill in a work environment?
What does the informal group typically fulfill in a work environment?
How does social identity potentially impact happiness?
How does social identity potentially impact happiness?
Which of the following statements about social identities is correct?
Which of the following statements about social identities is correct?
What is the term for voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms?
What is the term for voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms?
Which behavior is not an example of deviant workplace behavior?
Which behavior is not an example of deviant workplace behavior?
What is a potential consequence of workplace incivility for employees?
What is a potential consequence of workplace incivility for employees?
What factor contributes to the likelihood of deviant workplace behavior flourishing within a group?
What factor contributes to the likelihood of deviant workplace behavior flourishing within a group?
What consequence does deviant behavior have on group performance?
What consequence does deviant behavior have on group performance?
Which of the following is most likely to occur in groups characterized by dysfunction?
Which of the following is most likely to occur in groups characterized by dysfunction?
How might increased work demands indirectly lead to deviant behavior?
How might increased work demands indirectly lead to deviant behavior?
What group context factor has been shown to shape employees' antisocial actions?
What group context factor has been shown to shape employees' antisocial actions?
What best defines group status?
What best defines group status?
How can status disparities impact individual behavior in a group?
How can status disparities impact individual behavior in a group?
Which culture is more likely to prioritize collective goals over individual achievements?
Which culture is more likely to prioritize collective goals over individual achievements?
What can be a long-term effect of repeated exposure to incivility in the workplace?
What can be a long-term effect of repeated exposure to incivility in the workplace?
What impact do positive group norms generally have on employee behavior?
What impact do positive group norms generally have on employee behavior?
Which of these factors does not directly influence group dynamics?
Which of these factors does not directly influence group dynamics?
What is the primary advantage of the nominal group technique?
What is the primary advantage of the nominal group technique?
Which characteristic of the interacting group aids in achieving commitment to solutions?
Which characteristic of the interacting group aids in achieving commitment to solutions?
What does research suggest about the effectiveness of nominal groups compared to brainstorming groups?
What does research suggest about the effectiveness of nominal groups compared to brainstorming groups?
Which factor is NOT indicated as influencing group performance?
Which factor is NOT indicated as influencing group performance?
What impact does status inequity have on group dynamics?
What impact does status inequity have on group dynamics?
In what context are larger groups said to be more effective?
In what context are larger groups said to be more effective?
Which statement about group norms is accurate?
Which statement about group norms is accurate?
What role does diversity play in group performance according to the information?
What role does diversity play in group performance according to the information?
How should management address the pervasive issue of status differences in groups?
How should management address the pervasive issue of status differences in groups?
Which of the following is a recommendation for increasing employee satisfaction?
Which of the following is a recommendation for increasing employee satisfaction?
What is one source from which status can derive according to status characteristics theory?
What is one source from which status can derive according to status characteristics theory?
How might high-status individuals behave differently in group settings?
How might high-status individuals behave differently in group settings?
What effect does status inequity have on group members?
What effect does status inequity have on group members?
Which statement accurately describes the performance of groups with too many high-status individuals?
Which statement accurately describes the performance of groups with too many high-status individuals?
What can be a consequence of large differences in status within a group?
What can be a consequence of large differences in status within a group?
What is one way that status is typically determined among business executives?
What is one way that status is typically determined among business executives?
How does 'stigma by association' impact individuals linked to stigmatized groups?
How does 'stigma by association' impact individuals linked to stigmatized groups?
What can occur when individuals from diverse backgrounds join a group?
What can occur when individuals from diverse backgrounds join a group?
What is a possible outcome of high-status individuals entering a lower-status group?
What is a possible outcome of high-status individuals entering a lower-status group?
Which of the following statements reflects the concept of 'us and them' mentality in group status?
Which of the following statements reflects the concept of 'us and them' mentality in group status?
What might a high-status individual do during discussions that lower-status members are less likely to do?
What might a high-status individual do during discussions that lower-status members are less likely to do?
Why is equitable status hierarchy important for group performance?
Why is equitable status hierarchy important for group performance?
What specific challenge can arise when management forms teams with employees from varied functions?
What specific challenge can arise when management forms teams with employees from varied functions?
What behavior increases among individuals aiming for higher status in a group?
What behavior increases among individuals aiming for higher status in a group?
What is the primary disadvantage of larger groups when it comes to productivity?
What is the primary disadvantage of larger groups when it comes to productivity?
Which of the following factors contributes to social loafing?
Which of the following factors contributes to social loafing?
How does group cohesiveness correlate with productivity?
How does group cohesiveness correlate with productivity?
What is a common misconception about social loafing?
What is a common misconception about social loafing?
Which of the following strategies is NOT effective in reducing social loafing?
Which of the following strategies is NOT effective in reducing social loafing?
What role does culture play in social loafing?
What role does culture play in social loafing?
What effect does high diversity within a group have?
What effect does high diversity within a group have?
Which of these is NOT a suggested method to enhance group cohesiveness?
Which of these is NOT a suggested method to enhance group cohesiveness?
What outcome can result from high cohesiveness with low performance norms?
What outcome can result from high cohesiveness with low performance norms?
How does the time spent together in a group influence cohesiveness?
How does the time spent together in a group influence cohesiveness?
Which characteristic is associated with lower rates of social loafing?
Which characteristic is associated with lower rates of social loafing?
Which of the following strategies effectively counteracts social loafing?
Which of the following strategies effectively counteracts social loafing?
What is the relationship between group size and opportunities for diverse input?
What is the relationship between group size and opportunities for diverse input?
What happens when group performance norms are high and cohesiveness is low?
What happens when group performance norms are high and cohesiveness is low?
What is one of the main effects of group diversity on group morale in the early stages?
What is one of the main effects of group diversity on group morale in the early stages?
What was observed about groups with increased tenure diversity?
What was observed about groups with increased tenure diversity?
How does surface-level diversity affect group dynamics?
How does surface-level diversity affect group dynamics?
What is a possible negative outcome of faultlines in diverse groups?
What is a possible negative outcome of faultlines in diverse groups?
In what context can faultlines based on skill, knowledge, and expertise be beneficial?
In what context can faultlines based on skill, knowledge, and expertise be beneficial?
What effect does gender diversity have on group performance according to the research mentioned?
What effect does gender diversity have on group performance according to the research mentioned?
What has been observed about diverse juries compared to homogenous juries?
What has been observed about diverse juries compared to homogenous juries?
What is a significant challenge posed by gender diversity in groups?
What is a significant challenge posed by gender diversity in groups?
What happens when there are high levels of tenure diversity in a group with weak HR practices?
What happens when there are high levels of tenure diversity in a group with weak HR practices?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why subgroups can negatively affect group performance?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why subgroups can negatively affect group performance?
What should leaders do to reduce conflict in diverse groups?
What should leaders do to reduce conflict in diverse groups?
How do faultlines typically affect the overall satisfaction of a group?
How do faultlines typically affect the overall satisfaction of a group?
What does research suggest about the long-term benefits of diversity in groups?
What does research suggest about the long-term benefits of diversity in groups?
What is a primary characteristic of groupthink?
What is a primary characteristic of groupthink?
What is one major strength of group decision making?
What is one major strength of group decision making?
Under what condition is groupthink most likely to occur?
Under what condition is groupthink most likely to occur?
What is a common drawback of group decision making?
What is a common drawback of group decision making?
What action can managers take to minimize groupthink?
What action can managers take to minimize groupthink?
Which factor contributes to groupthink in decision making?
Which factor contributes to groupthink in decision making?
What is one possible outcome of group polarization?
What is one possible outcome of group polarization?
How do discussions within groups influence decision-making?
How do discussions within groups influence decision-making?
What does groupshift refer to in the context of group decision making?
What does groupshift refer to in the context of group decision making?
How can conflicts about tasks within a group affect performance?
How can conflicts about tasks within a group affect performance?
Which technique allows group members to work independently while still being physically present?
Which technique allows group members to work independently while still being physically present?
Why might individuals sometimes make better decisions than groups?
Why might individuals sometimes make better decisions than groups?
What is a major limitation of traditional brainstorming sessions?
What is a major limitation of traditional brainstorming sessions?
Why are larger group sizes more likely to contribute to feelings of intimidation?
Why are larger group sizes more likely to contribute to feelings of intimidation?
In terms of effectiveness, how do group decisions generally compare to individual decisions?
In terms of effectiveness, how do group decisions generally compare to individual decisions?
Which behavior is encouraged during brainstorming sessions?
Which behavior is encouraged during brainstorming sessions?
What characteristic may slow down the group decision-making process?
What characteristic may slow down the group decision-making process?
What does group polarization mean in the context of group decisions?
What does group polarization mean in the context of group decisions?
Which statement best describes the role of diversity in group decision making?
Which statement best describes the role of diversity in group decision making?
How does group size affect individual opinions during discussions?
How does group size affect individual opinions during discussions?
What is often a key impact of group members participating in decision making?
What is often a key impact of group members participating in decision making?
Which of these is NOT a weakness of group decision making?
Which of these is NOT a weakness of group decision making?
What role does a devil’s advocate play in a group?
What role does a devil’s advocate play in a group?
What might be a beneficial use of faultlines within team settings?
What might be a beneficial use of faultlines within team settings?
Which statement best reflects the essence of brainstorming?
Which statement best reflects the essence of brainstorming?
What can managers do to enhance effective group decision-making?
What can managers do to enhance effective group decision-making?
What defines effective group decision-making that combines efficiency and effectiveness?
What defines effective group decision-making that combines efficiency and effectiveness?
Which situation might lead to a conservative groupshift?
Which situation might lead to a conservative groupshift?
Flashcards
What is a group?
What is a group?
Two or more individuals who interact and depend on each other to achieve common goals.
What is a formal group?
What is a formal group?
A group officially formed within an organization with specific roles and tasks assigned.
What is an informal group?
What is an informal group?
A group that forms spontaneously based on shared interests or social needs, without formal organizational structure.
What is social identity theory?
What is social identity theory?
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How do shared experiences influence group identity?
How do shared experiences influence group identity?
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How does our sense of self relate to group identity?
How does our sense of self relate to group identity?
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What is the core concept of social identity theory?
What is the core concept of social identity theory?
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Why do people feel so strongly about their groups?
Why do people feel so strongly about their groups?
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Formal Group
Formal Group
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Informal Group
Informal Group
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Group
Group
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Ingroup Favoritism
Ingroup Favoritism
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Outgroup
Outgroup
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Social Identity Threat
Social Identity Threat
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Social Identity Theory
Social Identity Theory
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Social Identity
Social Identity
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Reflected Glory
Reflected Glory
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Schadenfreude
Schadenfreude
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Relational Identification
Relational Identification
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Collective Identification
Collective Identification
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Changing Social Identity
Changing Social Identity
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Identification Strength
Identification Strength
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Deviant Behaviors
Deviant Behaviors
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Stereotype Threat
Stereotype Threat
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Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs)
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs)
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What is a group in organizational behavior?
What is a group in organizational behavior?
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What is 'basking in reflected glory'?
What is 'basking in reflected glory'?
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What happens when your group does poorly?
What happens when your group does poorly?
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What is 'schadenfreude'?
What is 'schadenfreude'?
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What is organizational identity?
What is organizational identity?
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What is relational identification?
What is relational identification?
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What is collective identification?
What is collective identification?
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How do shared experiences influence group identification?
How do shared experiences influence group identification?
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What is social identity threat?
What is social identity threat?
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How can social identity threat be addressed?
How can social identity threat be addressed?
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How does social identity impact health?
How does social identity impact health?
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How do positive social identities contribute to well-being?
How do positive social identities contribute to well-being?
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Salient Social Identity
Salient Social Identity
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Social Identity Conflict
Social Identity Conflict
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Social Identity and Mental Health
Social Identity and Mental Health
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Religious Ingroups
Religious Ingroups
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Group Identification
Group Identification
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Positive Social Identity
Positive Social Identity
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Positive Work Identity
Positive Work Identity
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Low Group Identification
Low Group Identification
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Outgroup Bias
Outgroup Bias
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Dominant Group Identity
Dominant Group Identity
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Reference Group
Reference Group
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Group Norms
Group Norms
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Hawthorne Effect
Hawthorne Effect
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Rate-Buster
Rate-Buster
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Chiseler
Chiseler
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Squealing
Squealing
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
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Political Correctness (PC)
Political Correctness (PC)
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Loose Norms = Creativity
Loose Norms = Creativity
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Strong PC Norms = Creativity
Strong PC Norms = Creativity
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Positive Cooperation Norms = Helping
Positive Cooperation Norms = Helping
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Personality & Social Identity
Personality & Social Identity
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Independence
Independence
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Conformity Pressure
Conformity Pressure
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Selective Conformity
Selective Conformity
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Norms
Norms
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Conformity
Conformity
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Asch's Conformity Experiment
Asch's Conformity Experiment
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Emotions in Groups
Emotions in Groups
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Norms and Emotions
Norms and Emotions
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Norms and Conformity
Norms and Conformity
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Group Pressure to Conform
Group Pressure to Conform
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Religion and Ingroup-Outgroup Bias
Religion and Ingroup-Outgroup Bias
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Global Study on Religion and Outgroup Discrimination
Global Study on Religion and Outgroup Discrimination
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Al-Qaeda and Moderate Muslims
Al-Qaeda and Moderate Muslims
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Social Identity Threat and Performance
Social Identity Threat and Performance
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Deviant Workplace Behavior
Deviant Workplace Behavior
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Typology of Deviant Workplace Behavior
Typology of Deviant Workplace Behavior
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Deviant Workplace Norms
Deviant Workplace Norms
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Workplace Absence Norms
Workplace Absence Norms
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Chain Reaction of Dysfunctional Behavior
Chain Reaction of Dysfunctional Behavior
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Cultural Norms
Cultural Norms
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Status
Status
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Status and Group Performance
Status and Group Performance
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Status Disparity
Status Disparity
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Role-Playing in Groups
Role-Playing in Groups
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Positive Group Norms
Positive Group Norms
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Negative Group Norms
Negative Group Norms
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Status characteristics theory
Status characteristics theory
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Power in groups
Power in groups
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Performance contribution
Performance contribution
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Personal characteristics
Personal characteristics
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High status and norms
High status and norms
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Status and intergroup pressure
Status and intergroup pressure
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Status and conformity
Status and conformity
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Status and assertiveness
Status and assertiveness
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Status and participation
Status and participation
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Status equity
Status equity
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Status inequity and consequences
Status inequity and consequences
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Informal status order
Informal status order
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Status conflicts
Status conflicts
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Stigma by association
Stigma by association
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Ingroup and outgroup mentality
Ingroup and outgroup mentality
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Social Loafing
Social Loafing
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Perceived Inequity
Perceived Inequity
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Diffusion of Responsibility
Diffusion of Responsibility
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Group Cohesiveness
Group Cohesiveness
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Cohesiveness and Productivity
Cohesiveness and Productivity
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Group Diversity
Group Diversity
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Diversity's Impact
Diversity's Impact
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Preventing Social Loafing
Preventing Social Loafing
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Social Loafing Across Cultures
Social Loafing Across Cultures
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Personality Traits and Social Loafing
Personality Traits and Social Loafing
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Performance Transparency
Performance Transparency
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Group Size and Function
Group Size and Function
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Cohesiveness and Performance Norms
Cohesiveness and Performance Norms
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Encouraging Group Cohesiveness
Encouraging Group Cohesiveness
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Surface-level diversity
Surface-level diversity
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Deep-level diversity
Deep-level diversity
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Diversity's impact on group dynamics
Diversity's impact on group dynamics
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Faultlines
Faultlines
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Faultlines in results-driven cultures
Faultlines in results-driven cultures
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Negative impacts of faultlines
Negative impacts of faultlines
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Diversity's potential for creativity
Diversity's potential for creativity
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Diversity in jury decision-making
Diversity in jury decision-making
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Long-term benefits of diversity
Long-term benefits of diversity
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Gender diversity's impact on performance
Gender diversity's impact on performance
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The 'business case' for diversity
The 'business case' for diversity
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Homogeneity's drawbacks
Homogeneity's drawbacks
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Overcoming strong faultlines
Overcoming strong faultlines
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Overall impact of diversity
Overall impact of diversity
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Challenges of diverse groups with faultlines
Challenges of diverse groups with faultlines
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Nominal Group Technique
Nominal Group Technique
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Impact of Group Size on Performance
Impact of Group Size on Performance
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Role Conflict
Role Conflict
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Groupthink
Groupthink
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Groupshift
Groupshift
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Strengths of Group Decision Making
Strengths of Group Decision Making
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Weaknesses of Group Decision Making
Weaknesses of Group Decision Making
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Two Heads Are Better Than One
Two Heads Are Better Than One
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Effectiveness of Group Decisions
Effectiveness of Group Decisions
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Efficiency of Group Decisions
Efficiency of Group Decisions
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Types of Group Conflicts
Types of Group Conflicts
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Strategic Use of Faultlines
Strategic Use of Faultlines
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Faultlines in Groups
Faultlines in Groups
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Group Versus Individual Decisions
Group Versus Individual Decisions
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Mitigating Groupthink and Groupshift
Mitigating Groupthink and Groupshift
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Group Decision Making Summary
Group Decision Making Summary
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Group Decision Making Best Practices
Group Decision Making Best Practices
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Importance of Group Decision Making
Importance of Group Decision Making
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Factors Influencing Groupthink
Factors Influencing Groupthink
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Devil's Advocacy
Devil's Advocacy
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Negative Focus in Decision-Making
Negative Focus in Decision-Making
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Groupshift or Group Polarization
Groupshift or Group Polarization
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Explanations for Groupshift
Explanations for Groupshift
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Brainstorming
Brainstorming
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Brainstorming Effectiveness
Brainstorming Effectiveness
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Production Blocking in Brainstorming
Production Blocking in Brainstorming
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Interacting Groups
Interacting Groups
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Brainstorming Technique
Brainstorming Technique
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Group Polarization
Group Polarization
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Extreme Positions in Groups
Extreme Positions in Groups
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Study Notes
Defining and Classifying Groups
- A group is two or more individuals who interact and depend on each other to achieve specific goals.
- Formal groups are structured by the organization, having defined tasks and roles aligned with organizational objectives. A flight crew is an example.
- Informal groups aren't formally structured, arising from social needs. Lunching together, for example
Social Identity
- Social identity theory explains why people emotionally react to their group's success or failure. Self-esteem is tied to the group's outcomes.
- We bask in reflected glory when our group does well, and feel worsened self-esteem when the group underperforms.
- People develop multiple identities (organizational, professional, etc.) throughout life, some more significant than others.
Ingroups and Outgroups
- Ingroup favoritism is when we perceive ingroup members positively while viewing outgroup members similarly.
- Outgroups are by necessity connected to ingroups and can range from clearly defined groups to encompassing all non-members.
- Group animosity is common between ingroups and outgroups, where religion can be a powerful factor.
Social Identity Threat
- Social identity threat is a perceived negative evaluation due to belonging to a devalued group, affecting confidence and performance.
Group Property 2: Norms
- Norms are shared standards of behavior in groups, guiding proper conduct.
- Norms influence behavior strongly via emotional and conformity pressures, with minimum external control needed.
- Conformity is an adjustment of behavior to match group norms.
- Reference groups are important to individuals, and their norms impact our actions.
- Norms have a major impact on employee behavior and are strongly connected to group productivity.
- The Hawthorne Studies demonstrated the power of group dynamics and attention in affecting productivity.
Positive and Negative Norms and Outcomes
- Positive norms, like corporate social responsibility, can drive good outcomes. But other factors such as individual personality traits and group alignment with a norm are also important.
- Negative norms lead to deviant workplace behavior, a voluntary action violating rules that can damage organizations and individuals.
- Group dynamics and norms significantly influence whether or not antisocial behaviors will flourish in the workplace.
Group Property 3: Status
- Status is a socially assigned position or rank given to groups or individuals.
- Status influences behavior and conformity. High-status individuals are potentially more free from conformity pressures.
- Status is determined by power, contribution, and personal attributes.
- Status perceptions affect group interaction; higher-status members may dominate discussion.
- Perceived status inequality may cause corrective actions and tension amongst group members.
Group Property 4: Size and Dynamics
- Group size can affect performance: larger groups often yield more diverse perspectives. Smaller groups usually operate more efficiently.
- Social loafing is when individuals exert less effort in a group than individually. It is culturally influenced (more common in individualistic cultures).
- Social loafing decreases satisfaction and performance, especially in larger groups.
- Strategies to prevent social loafing include setting group goals, increasing intergroup competition, and measuring individual contributions.
Group Property 5: Cohesiveness
- Cohesiveness is the degree to which group members are attracted to and want to stay in the group.
- The effect of cohesiveness on productivity is dependent on performance norms. High cohesiveness and high performance norms are ideal.
- Strategies for increasing cohesiveness include smaller group size, encouraging goal agreement, increased time together, stimulating competition, rewarding groups, and isolating the group.
Group Property 6: Diversity
- Group diversity can increase conflicts, especially initially.
- Diversity benefits are more likely to surface over time and with effective management, but the financial implications of those diversity benefits are not always clear, so it's difficult to demonstrate a noticeable return.
- Differences in tenure and values or opinions are likely to show more conflict. Effective leadership can reduce conflicts and focus groups.
- Surface-level diversity alerts to possible deep-level diversity, which in turn is associated with outcomes that are less understood.
- Faultlines, where subgroups emerge based on shared characteristics, are usually detrimental to group functioning. Strategic use of faultlines can yield benefits in certain environments, such as a results-driven organizational culture. Crosscutting the roles within identified faultlines can force cohesion.
- Diversity can boost group outcomes in some situations.
Group Decision Making
- Group decisions often combine varied perspectives and insights, leading to more accurate results compared to solitary decisions, but less accurate than the most accurate person in the group.
- Group decisions are usually less efficient than individual decisions, but greater commitment is an outcome of group decision making.
- Groupthink, where pressure to conform overshadows critical thinking, and group shifts, which are shifts toward risk or conservatism, are inherent difficulties in group decision making.
- Strategies for dealing with groupthink and groupshift include managing group size, encouraging leader impartiality, using devil's advocates, and carefully structuring the discussion.
- Group decision-making techniques like brainstorming and nominal group technique offer alternatives to the traditional interacting group, and each has its own pros and cons.
Implications for Managers
- Managers must be sensitive to group dynamics (roles, norms, cohesiveness), and use them effectively for positive results.
- Reducing workplace deviance requires managing group norms.
- Addressing status disparities helps ensure balanced group participation.
- Utilizing appropriate group sizes and measures of individual performance improve outcomes in larger groups.
- Ensuring clear job roles improves employee satisfaction.
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Description
This quiz explores concepts in social psychology, focusing on group dynamics, social identity theory, and the distinctions between ingroups and outgroups. Understand how group interactions and identities affect self-esteem and emotional reactions based on group performance.
